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Invasive species Names Questions 1. What are the different ways that introduced species affect our environment? 2. Describe the kinds of species that have been introduced around the world, causing problems with local species. 3. What things can we do to limit the spread of introduced species? 4. How does the problem of introduced species compare to other environmental problems that we face today? 5. Why is change of an entire habitat the greatest impact of introduced species? 6. Which introduced species can cause problems in land/terrestrial habitats? In water/aquatic habitats? 7. What is hybridization or cross-breeding, and which introduced species are causing problems by crossbreeding with native species? 8. How have people and their activities helped species move from one part of the world to another? 9. Which introduced species have been beneficial? (think of food, crops, and pets) 10. Why do you think introduced species cost national economies so much? What kinds of costs might be involved? (an example: U.S. costs are $137 billion per year) 11. Why do you think that some species are beneficial and some are harmful to our environment? 12. Simberloff said that 49% of endangered species are in trouble because of introduced species. What are ways that introduced species could threaten the continued survival of native populations? 13. What are the types of activities of an introduced species that could cause disruption to a local environment? 14. Simberloff mentioned that the North American gray squirrel causes disruption in Great Britain and Italy. Why are they not causing those same problems in their native habitats in North America? 15. The exotic pet business can contribute to the decline of imperiled wildlife populations in their native habitats. How might the exotic pet trade also become a problem of introduced species in a new habitat? 16. How can the simple human activity of fishing contribute to the introduction of alien species? Name Period Poster on Introduced Species What are some of the species in your communities that have been introduced from other countries? Create a poster about these species. Include the following information. Organism’s common and scientific name (10 pts) Picture of organism (5 pts) Description, habitat and range of organism (15 pts) What problems are they causing? (15 pts) What impact is it causing on native species? (15 pts) Where did the species come from? (10 pts) How did it traveled to the new habitat? (10 pts) What steps have been taken or could be taken to solve the problem? (20 pts) (Grading will include accurate information as well as the readability of the information.) Use the following web sites to obtain information. http://www.gainvasives.org/ http://www.invasivespeciesinfo.gov/index.shtml http://www.issg.org/database/welcome/ http://www.audubon.org/campaign/invasives/index.shtm http://www.invasivespecies.gov/ http://www.gaeppc.org/list.cfm Nutria Myocastor coypus Choose an organism from the following list. Hydrilla Hydrilla verticillata Flathead catfish Pylodictis olivaris Kudzu Pueraria montana var. lobata Lionfish Pterois volitans West Nile Virus Flavivirus Cane toad Bufo marinus Nine-banded armadillo Dasypus novemcinctus Zebra mussel Dreissena polymorpha Pig Sus scrofa Burmese python Python molurus ssp. bivittatus European starling Sturnus vulgaris Africanized honey bee Apis mellifera scutellata Asian swamp eel Monopterus albus Japanese beetle Popillia japonica Bark beetle Hylurgops palliatus Monk Parakeet Myiopsitta monachus Red imported fire ant Solenopsis invicta Water hyacinth Eichhornia crassipes Japanese Honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica) Twining vine, which has flowers that are double-tongued, opening white and fading to yellow. Intentionally introduced in the early 1800s from Eastern Asia as an ornamental, for erosion control and wildlife cover. Forest margins and right-of-ways as well as under dense canopies. Affects biodiversity through the displacement of native species. Japanese honeysuckle is an evergreen to semievergreen vine that can be found either trailing or climbing to over 80 ft. (24 m) in length. Leaves are opposite, sessile, pubescent, oval and 1 to 2.5 in. (2.56.4 cm) long. Flowering occurs from April to July, when showy, fragrant, tubular, whitish-pink to yellow flowers develop in the axils of the leaves. Fruits develop in the fall and are small, shiny black berries. Japanese honeysuckle invades a variety of habitats including forest floors, canopies, roadsides, wetlands, and disturbed areas. Japanese honeysuckle can girdle small saplings by twining around them, and it can form dense mats in the canopies of trees, shading everything below. A native of eastern Asia, it was first introduced into North America in 1806 in Long Island, NY. Japanese honeysuckle has been planted widely throughout the United States as an ornamental, for erosion control, and for wildlife habitat. honeysuckles for pollinators, resulting in reduced seed set for native species. In addition, the fruits of exotic bush honeysuckles, while abundant and rich in carbohydrates, do not offer migrating birds the high-fat, nutrient-rich food sources needed for long flights that are supplied by native plant species. ECOLOGICAL THREAT: In North America, Japanese honeysuckle has few natural enemies which allows it to spread widely and out-compete native plant species. Its evergreen to semi-evergreen nature gives it an added advantage over native species in many areas. Shrubs and young trees can be killed by girdling when vines twist tightly around stems and trunks, cutting off the flow of water through the plant. Dense growths of honeysuckle covering vegetation can gradually kill plants by blocking sunlight from reaching their leaves. Vigorous root competition also helps Japanese honeysuckle spread and displace neighboring native vegetation. DISTRIBUTION IN THE UNITED STATES: Japanese honeysuckle occurs across the southern U.S. from California to New England and the Great Lakes region. Escaped populations also occur in Hawaii. Severe winter temperatures and low precipitation may limit its distribution in northern latitudes and in the West, respectively. Click here to see a distribution map. HABITAT IN THE UNITED STATES: A ubiquitous invader, Japanese honeysuckle thrives in a wide variety of habitats including fields, forests, wetlands, barrens, and all types of disturbed lands. Chuck Bargeron, University of Georgia, Bugwood.org ECOLOGICAL THREAT: Exotic bush honeysuckles can rapidly invade and overtake a site, forming a dense shrub layer that crowds and shades out native plant species. They alter habitats by decreasing light availability, by depleting soil moisture and nutrients, and possibly by releasing toxic chemicals that prevent other plant species from growing in the vicinity. Exotic bush honeysuckles may compete with native bush BACKGROUND: Japanese honeysuckle was introduced to the U.S. in the early to mid-1800's as an ornamental plant, for erosion control, and for wildlife forage and cover. Its highly fragrant flowers provide a tiny drop of honey-flavored nectar enjoyed by children. BIOLOGY & SPREAD: Growth and spread of Japanese honeysuckle is through vegetative (plant growth) and sexual (seed) means. It produces long vegetative runners that develop roots where stem and leaf junctions (nodes) come in contact with moist soil. Underground stems (rhizomes) help to establish and spread the plant locally. Long distance dispersal is by birds and other wildlife that readily consume the fruits and defecate the seeds at various distances from the parent plant.