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Antibiotic Stewardship and
Health Care of Our Food Animals
NEW ENGLAND FARMERS UNION
2016 Annual Convention December 3, 2016
Michael T. Keilty
Sustainable Agriculture Research Associate, UConn Extension,
Tri-State PDP Program
Jean C. King, UConn SARE Tri-State PDP, Food Policy Consultant
Northeast SARE
12 states and
Washington, D.C.
Host Institutions:
University of Vermont
University of Connecticut
Competitive Grant Opportunities
Large Grants Program
• Research & Education Grants
• Professional Development Grants
Small Grants Program
• Farmer Grants
• Partnership Grants
• Sustainable Communities Grants
• Graduate Student Grants
Sustainable Agriculture
Wendell Berry
“Sustainable agriculture”…refers to a way of
farming that can be continued indefinitely because it
conforms to the terms imposed upon it by the nature
of places and the nature of people.
USDA
• More profitable farm income
• Promote environmental stewardship
• Enhance quality of life for farm families and
communities
Alternative Health Practices for Livestock
2000 – UConn Alternative Heath Care
Practices for Livestock Conference
Important concerns about food safety, particularly
about antibiotics and chemical residues in meat,
milk and other livestock foods have stimulated
new interest in alternative methods for livestock
health.
Alternative Health Practices for Livestock, edited by
Thomas Morris & Michael Keilty, Blackwell Publishing 2006
Tri-State SARE Project History
2008-2011
Producing Natural Local Meat for Consumers
The three state SARE plan focused on increasing production of local
meat in the region. The project worked to improve livestock
producers’ and agricultural service providers’ knowledge and skills in
the areas of forages and grazing and studied the relationship between
local meat production and animal processing.
2011-2014
Grass Fed All Year Long
The project moved to address processing capacity shortages by
promoting year round breeding of beef cattle that would result in year
round slaughter and processing.
2014-2017
Health Care Practices for our Food Animals
The project is addressing the current use of antibiotics in food animal
production, regulations that will reduce antibiotic use, protocols to
keeps animals healthy and concerns about the effects on humans of
antibiotics in food animals.
Tri-State SARE Program 2014-17
Health Care Practices for Our Food Animals
An Antibiotic Stewardship Initiative
The three-year grant creates educational programs for agricultural service
providers, veterinarians and university educators to address the following key
topics:
Year 1 -- Current antibiotic/drug use in food animal production; FDA and USDA
regulations, labeling; availability of drugs
Year 2 -- Maintaining and enhancing protocols to treat sick food animals;
analyzing production practices
Year 3 -- Educational tools for agricultural service providers to use with farmers
that may reduce uses of drugs and antibiotics, and enhance food animal
environment
Action to combat antibiotic-resistance bacteria

2014 Report to the President by the President’s Council of Advisors on
Science and Technology results in the establishment of a task force
on combating antibiotic resistance bacteria and required a five year
action plan by 2015.

2015 Plan announced – top two goals of five
– GOAL 1: Slow the Emergence of Resistant Bacteria and Prevent the
Spread of Resistant Infections [including elimination of the use of
medically-important antibiotics for growth promotion in food- producing
animals and bring other agricultural uses of antibiotics, for treatment,
control, and prevention of disease, under veterinary oversight.]
– GOAL 2 : Strengthen National One-Health Surveillance Efforts to
Combat Resistance Objectives
Tri-State SARE Workshop 2015
Joseph T. Frost, MPH, RD, CD, Commander, US Public Health
Service, Investigator, Food Specialist, FDA
“Current Regulations and Compliance Activities”
Laura K. Unkauf, DVM, MPH, USDA’s Food Safety and Inspection
Service
“FSIS Food Safety and Drug Residues”
Nicholas Bennett MA(Cantab), MBBChir, PhD, FAAP, Assistant
Professor of Pediatrics, Co-Director of Antimicrobial Stewardship,
Medical Director, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and
Immunology, Connecticut Children's Medical Center.
"Antibiotics in Animals for Human Consumption - Hyperbole,
Handwaving, or a Horror-story?"
Dr. Nicholas Bennett - Changing Practices
1950s - 2 million lbs of antibiotics,
none for animal growth
 1998 - ~40% of antibiotics used for
animal growth
 2011 - ~80% of antibiotics used for
animal growth

Dr. Bennett
Where's the evidence that this is a real problem?
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Do animals develop drug-resistant
organisms?
Is resistance dependent on antibiotic
exposure?
Can farm animals transmit resistant
organisms to humans?
Can resistant organisms get into food
products?
Are there other environmental impacts?
Journal of Hazardous Materials 2015
Antibiotic resistance genes in manureamended soil and vegetables at harvest
Antibiotic Resistant Genes (ARGs) were also
detected on harvested vegetables grown in manureamended soil, including root endophytes, leaf
endophytes, and phyllo-sphere microorganisms.
JAMA 2013
High-Density Livestock Operations, Crop
Field Application of Manure, and Risk of
Community-Associated MethicillinResistant Staphylococcus aureus
Infection in Pennsylvania
Proximity to swine manure application to crop fields
and livestock operations each was associated with
MRSA and skin and soft tissue infection.
Agricultural Applications for Antimicrobials. A
Danger to Human Health: An Official Position
Statement of the Society of Infectious Diseases
Pharmacists 2016
The link between antibiotic use in animals and
antibiotic resistance in humans is unequivocal.
April 2016 . M Nailor, UConn professor et al
December 14, 2016 SARE Workshop
UConn Extension Tolland Office, 24 Hyde Avenue, Vernon, CT
9:30 am to 1 pm
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FDA Veterinary Feed Directive –
Michael Murphy, Veterinary Medical Officer, Center for Veterinary
Medicine, FDA
Agricultural Applications for Antimicrobials. A Danger to
Human Health: An Official Position Statement of the Society of
Infectious Diseases Pharmacists
Michael D. Nailor, PharmD, UConn School of Pharmacy
Panel – Moving Forward
Michael Darre, UConn
Henry Talmage CT Farm Bureau
Craig Jones, Agri-Mark
Sheila Andrew, UConn
Register at www.meatsystems.uconn.edu
• Antibiotic Use and Resistance: Moving Forward Through Shared
Stewardship November 2014
• Antibiotic Stewardship: From Metrics to Management November
2015
• Antibiotic Use – Working Together for Better Solutions November
2016
www.animalagriculture.org
How Resistance Develops
SARE Workshops
April 2016
Katherine A. Beltaire, DVM, DACT, Veterinary Animal
Sciences, UMASS
Management of Anthelmintic Resistance on the Farm
goats
September 2016
Dr. Katherine Petersson, Associate Professor, URI
Anthelmintic Resistance in Production Systems
What’s happening now
FDA VETERINARY FEED DIRECTIVE
The marketing status of medically important
antimicrobials for use in feed or water for food
animals will change from over-the-counter to
prescription or to veterinary feed directive (VFD)
on January 1, 2017.
The intent is to implement measures that address
public health concerns while insuring animal
health needs are met.
Community Response
October 2015 -- SUBWAY Restaurants announced a commitment to
transition to only serving chicken raised without antibiotics important to
human medicine.
2015 -- More than 300 leading medical organizations, including the
American Medical Association, the American Public Health Association,
and the American Academy of Pediatrics openly advocate ending the use
of non-therapeutic antibiotics in animal agriculture to protect public health
and the environment.
November 2016 Maryland’s Challenge: Antibiotic Resistance, Public
Health, and the Future of Agriculture, Public Forum
Organized by the Natural Resources Defense Council, Maryland
Environmental Health Network, Clean Water Action, Maryland Public
Interest Research Group to discuss the public health and safety aspects
of routine antibiotic use in livestock feed.
From Consumer Reports December 2016

“antibiotics in animals contribute to
the rise of antibiotic-resistant
bacteria, which infect an estimated 2
million people each year in the U.S.,
of whom 23,000 die, according to the
CDC.”
www.meatsystems.uconn.edu