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Nuclear Decay B5 Radioactive Decay When the nucleus of an atom breaks down to form a different element Nuclear decay Is a form of Ionizing radiation Emitted particles – particles given off by the nucleus of atom As a result the nucleus of the atom is changed into a new atom Ernest Rutherford He found that there were 3 types of radiation / decay Alpha Beta Gamma Decay type: charge and Greek symbol Radiation Type Alpha Beta Gamma Charge Greek Symbol Alpha Radiation made of two protons and two neutrons Low energy and large molecule Penetrating power: Stopped by paper Inside the body however: very powerful tissue-damaging agents Beta radiation Made of an electron 0-1e High energy, very small (negligible mass) Penetrating power: Stopped by aluminum Gamma radiation Made of Pure Energy 0 γ 0 Extremely high energy most dangerous radiation Penetrating power: Stopped by several centimeters of lead or concrete Penetrating powers Review: Atomic number (Z)=number of protons in nucleus Mass number (A)=number of protons + number of neutrons = atomic number (Z) + number of neutrons Mass Number Atomic Number A ZX Element Symbol Balancing a nuclear decay reaction Key to balancing nuclear equations is… both atomic numbers and mass numbers are conserved! Reactant Side Product Side Sum of Mass # = Sum of Mass # Sum of Atomic # = Sum of Atomic # Practice Compound undergoes alpha and gamma decay 239Pu 94 Compound undergoes beta decay 235U 92