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Think about the term “Frenemies” (Friends who are enemies….enemies who are friends) Have you ever had a “frenemy?” Have you ever had to work with someone toward a common goal, but did not get along with, like or agree with them? For example….a group project….a sports team…OR Fighting WWII?? Today we will examine how the US and USSR go from “Frenemies” fighting the Nazis to real live enemies in what became known as THE COLD WAR The conflict between these two superpowers would impact the whole world. New Unit Calendar! HW #1: DUE Assignment #1: Cold War Origins 1947-1991 Key Question: Why was there so much tension between the US and the Soviet Union? 1. Competing ideologies USA USSR Ideology Capitalism Democracy Individualism Ideology Communism Dictatorship Collectivism Post WWII Aims Post WWII Aims • Reparations • Buffer States • Encourage Communism • Keep Germany divided vs. Economic Recovery – new markets for US goods Protect Democracy A stable Germany 2. World War II bitterness Differing goals of US and USSR -- 1945: Meeting of allied powers at Yalta and Potsdam -- As the Russians moved East to defeat the Nazis, they occupied Eastern Europe. Will Stalin allow free elections in the regions occupied by the Soviet Union? Churchill, Roosevelt, Stalin at Yalta NOPE. Soviets Establish a buffer and satellite states WHY? Cartoon Reflection #1 The “Iron Curtain” DIVISION BETWEEN DEMOCRATIC WESTERN EUROPE AND COMMUNIST EASTERN EUROPE A. Distrust, Paranoia & Propaganda grow on both sides of Cold War https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=34IeRgb_-CE 1-11 Cartoon Reflection #2 B. Policy of CONTAINMENT - Marshall Plan – money for Western Europe - Truman Doctrine – US intervention in - nations fighting communism Cartoon Reflection #3 (Economic Strategy) The Marshall Plan, 1948 Post-war European aid (food, $, infrastructure, etc.) WHY? Amount of aid received (Military Strategy) The Truman Doctrine, 1947 -US will support countries that reject communism C. Early Cold War Conflicts over Germany Germany was divided into Allied and Soviet spheres, and the capital Berlin was also divided, with capitalist West Berlin deep within Soviet zone. UK US France USSR C. The Berlin Blockade US and other allies withdraw from occupation zones to form one nation (West Germany) Stalin blocks supplies from westerncontrolled Berlin Berlin airlift (11 months) Soviets give up Berlin Blockade The Berlin Airlift D. The Berlin Wall Goes Up (1961) Checkpoint Charlie Cold War power struggle starts in Europe, but spreads and leads to 1st, 2nd & 3rd Word mindset: Those aligned with US (1st World) Those aligned with Soviet Union (2nd World) Those not aligned yet (includes many new nations recently given independence) Fear of “getting behind” opponent leads to competition between US & USSR in many areas from Nuclear Weapons to Space Exploration to Olympic Sports (and others) E. New Military Alliances! NATO: North Atlantic Treaty Organization The Warsaw Pact North Atlantic Treaty Organization (1949) United States Belgium Britain Canada Denmark Luxemburg Netherlands Norway Portugal France 1952: Greece & Turkey Iceland 1955: West Germany Italy 1983: Spain Warsaw Pact (1955) } U. S. S. R. } East Germany } Albania } Hungary } Bulgaria } Poland } Czechoslovakia } Romania Cold War in the skies Science and technology play a huge role in the Cold War as the Soviets come out with the first satellite: Sputnik. - Why would both governments pour money into science and technology? Both countries put money into developing high tech spying technology (see U-2 incident in your HW) ARMS RACE The US and USSR build up bigger and badder nuclear weapons Brinkmanship – willingness to go to the “brink” of war Cartoon Reflection #4 How the CW was fought Foreign Aid Spying Multinational Alliances Propaganda Brinkmanship – the arms race “Surrogate Wars” Assignment #2: Cold War Visual “Pictionary” You will be assigned a key term from the lecture that illustrates people, events or ideas relating to an aspect of the early Cold War. Draw a quick visual (drawing, cartoon) that illustrates the concept of the term. Include a brief written explanation or caption that explains why this event or idea was important to increasing tension and conflict between the US and USSR on the other side of your paper Demonstrating a creative understanding of the concepts is more important than artistic ability