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Transformations of the United
States and the World
SOL USII.8
After World War II…
• How did the U.S. help rebuild Europe
and Japan?
• Much of Europe was in ruins. Soviet
forces occupied most of Eastern and
Central Europe and the eastern portion of
Germany. The United States felt it was in
its best interest to rebuild Europe and
prevent political and economic instability.
After World War II…
• Learning from the mistakes of the past, the
United States accepted its role as a world
superpower, helping to rebuild Europe and
Japan and taking the leading role in
establishing the United Nations.
Rebuilding Efforts in Europe
http://content.answers.com/main/content/wp/en/thumb/2/24/300px-Marshall_Plan.png
• The U.S. instituted
George Marshall’s plan to
rebuild Europe (the
Marshall Plan), which
provided massive
financial aid to rebuild
European economies and
stop the spread of
communism.
• Democratic countries
received money from the
U.S., established
democratic governments,
and became allies of the
U.S.
Map of Cold-War era Europe and the Near East
showing countries that received Marshall Plan aid.
The red columns show the relative amount
of total aid per nation.
Rebuilding Efforts in Europe
Germany was partitioned
into East and West
Germany.
• West Germany was
democratic and resumed
self-government after a
few years of British and
French occupation.
http://www.maps-of-germany.co.uk/images/map-of-east-west-Germany.gif
• East Germany remained
under the domination of
the Soviet Union and did
not adopt democratic
institutions.
Rebuilding Efforts in Japan
• General MacArthur
headed the
occupation
government which
received aid from the
U.S., established a
democratic
government, and
resumed selfgovernment as a U.S.
ally.
http://www.history.navy.mil/photos/images/h62000/h62439.jpg
Following its defeat, Japan was
occupied by American forces
• Japan had a strong
democratic
government
• Resumed selfgovernment
• Became a strong ally
of the United States
The establishment of the
United Nations
http://www.inetours.com/New_York/Images/UN/UN-Flags_8870.jpg
• The United Nations
was formed near the
end of World War II to
create a body for the
nations of the world to
try to prevent future
global wars.
The United Nations building in New York City.
There is a display of flags representing each
member country in front of the U.N. The flags
are in alphabetical order beginning with
Afghanistan and ending with Zimbabwe.
Rapid Growth of the U.S.
What were the reasons for rapid growth of
the American economy following WWII?
Following World War II, Americans
prospered due to an expanding economy
by America’s involvement in the war.
Reasons for rapid growth of the
U.S. economy after WWII
• With rationing of
consumer goods over,
businesses converted
from production of
war materials to
consumer goods.
• Americans purchased
goods on credit.
http://thumbs.dreamstime.com/thumb_0/1085439585nw34jW.jpg
Reasons for rapid growth of the
U.S. economy after WWII
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://history.sandiego.edu/gen
1946 Strike outside of the Moline Company
in Minneapolis.
• The workforce shifted
back to men and most
women returned to
family responsibilities.
• Labor unions merged
and became more
powerful; workers
gained new benefits
and higher salaries.
Reasons for rapid growth of the
U.S. economy after WWII
• As economic
prosperity continued
and technology
boomed, the next
generation of women
re-entered the labor
force in large
numbers.
http://www.clomedia.com/images/CO0605_humancapfig3.gif
The Cold War
• The U.S. and Soviet Union emerged from WWII
as world powers, triggering a rivalry over
ideology and national security. The tension
between the free world and the communist world
caused divisiveness at home and abroad.
• Cold War definition: The state of tension
without actual fighting between the U.S. and the
Soviet Union, which divided the world into two
camps
Origins of the Cold War
• Differences in goals
and ideologies
between the U.S. and
the Soviet Union (two
superpowers.) The
U.S. was democratic
and capitalist and the
Soviet Union was
dictatorial and
communist.
http://astro.temple.edu/~barbday/Europe66/resources/coldwardivisionmap1.htm
Origins of the Cold War
• Soviet Union’s
domination over
Eastern European
countries; the U.S.
policy of containment.
http://jimriverreport.com/tdaxp_upload/stalins_new_map_md.jpg
Origins of the Cold War
• North Atlantic
Treaty
Organization
(NATO)
• (GOOD GUYS)
versus
• the Warsaw
Pact
• (BAD GUYS)
Borders of NATO (blue) and
the Warsaw Pact (red)
during the Cold War Era.
http://content.answers.com/main/content/wp/en-commons/thumb/a/a4/450px-NATO_vs_Warsaw_(19491990).png
Reasons for divisiveness at home
• Fear of being named
a communist by
Senator Joseph
McCarthy
http://www.americanrhetoric.com/images/JosephMcCarthyCBSSeeitNow.jpg
Reasons for divisiveness at home
• Convictions of Alger
Hiss and the
Rosenbergs for being
communist spies.
http://cache.eb.com/eb/image?id=61957&rendTypeId=4
Alger Hiss
Reasons for divisiveness at home
• Division over
Vietnam.
http://www.vietnamwar.com/vnmap.jpg
Major conflicts in the post-WWII era
• Since WWII, the U.S. has been directly
involved in conflicts that reflected the
divisions caused by Cold War tensions
and hostilities.
Major conflicts in the post-WWII era
• South Korea and the
U.S. resisted Chinese
and North Korea
aggression. The
conflict ended in a
stalemate (no winner.)
http://www.learnkoreanlanguage.com/images/KoreanWarMap.jpg
Major conflicts in the post-WWII era
• The Cuban Missile
Crisis happened
when the Soviet
Union put missiles in
Cuba.
• The Soviets removed
the missiles in
response to a U.S.
•What do you think this cartoon means?
blockade.
•Why was the U.S. concerned about
http://cairsweb.llgc.org.uk/images/ilw1/ilw3584.gif
Soviet missiles in Cuba?
Major conflicts in the post-WWII era
• The U.S. intervened
to stop the spread of
communism in South
Vietnam.
• Americans were
divided over our
involvement and the
conflict ended in a
cease-fire and U.S.
troops withdrew.
http://www.teara.govt.nz/NR/rdonlyres/69D2AEF4-9B4E-4BC9-A227-B278C0
• Domino Theory• U.S. political leaders
were afraid that if
South Vietnam fell to
communism, the rest
of Southeast Asia
would fall to
communism
http://archives.cnn.com/2000/ASIANOW/southeast/11/15/clinton.vietnam/map.vietnam.hanoi.jpg
http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/middle_east_and_asia/southeast_asia_pol97.jpg
Korea
Vietnam
http://www.pupilvision.com/schoolmap/outlinemaps/world1.jpg
Reasons for the collapse of
communism in Europe
• The breakup of the Soviet Union into
independent countries.
http://www.oup.com/uk/orc/bin/9780198781646/01student/maps/break_up_USSR.jpg
Reasons for the collapse of
communism in Europe
• The destruction of the
Berlin Wall in 1989.
http://www.bdonline.co.uk/Pictures/web/s/u/h/Berlin-wallready.jpg
East and West German border guards join in
on the destruction of the Berlin Wall.
New Challenges
• The role of U.S.
military intervention:
Do we need to
interfere in the affairs
of other countries?
• What do you think? Is this
question still applicable today?
http://savecivilization.org/wp-content/uploads/2007/01/2007_01_09t054713_450x2
New Challenges
http://www.radford.edu/~swoodwar/CLASSES/GEOG140/envst.gif
• Environmental
challenges:
deforestation, clearing of
forests for logging or
farming, pollution of
oceans and freshwater by
chemicals, sewage,
fertilizers, and pesticides.
•
•
http://enews.toxicslink.org/im-info/Air.pollution_1.jpg
What issue concerning the
environment is popular today?
Global warming
New Challenges
• Global issues such as
the loss of jobs, trade
problems such as
protective tariffs, and
disease.
Changing patterns in U.S. Society
• Changing patterns in American society at
the end of World War II changed the way
most Americans lived and worked.
Factors leading to changing
patterns in U.S. society
• U.S. had a strong
economy (a healthy
job market, increased
productivity, and an
increased demand for
American products.)
Factors leading to changing
patterns in U.S. society
• Great investment in
education.
• How did the Serviceman’s
Readjustment Act of 1944, or
the G.I. Bill, help veterans
invest in their education?
http://www.historycooperative.org/journals/jah/92.3/images/loss_fig06a.jpg
Factors leading to changing
patterns in U.S. society
• “Baby boom” led to
changing
demographics.
•
How will the “baby boomer”
generation affect subsequent
generations, especially as the
“baby boomers” begin to retire?
http://www.ed.gov/pubs/bbecho/images/page3.gif
Factors leading to changing
patterns in U.S. society
• Interstate highway
system.
Factors leading to changing
patterns in U.S. society
• Evolving role of
women (expected to
play a supporting role
in the family, but
increasingly working
outside the home.)
Factors leading to changing
patterns in U.S. society
• Role of Eleanor
Roosevelt in
expanding women’s
rights.
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22
Factors leading to changing patterns
in U.S. society
• African American
aspirations for
equal
opportunities.
http://cache.eb.com/eb/image?id=7546&rendTypeId=4
Martin Luther King, Jr (center) and other
Civil Rights supporters march on Washington,
D.C. in August of 1963.
Factors leading to changing
patterns in U.S. society
• Changes in the makeup of immigrants after
1965 (Hispanic
Americans and Asian
Americans.)
• How do people feel about
immigrants today? What are
some issues that concern
immigration?
http://www.washington.edu/uwired/outreach/cspn/Website/Graphics/Bracero.jpg
Policies and programs expanding
educational and employment opportunities
• The G.I. Bill of Rights
gave educational,
housing, and
employment benefits
to WWII veterans.
http://www.gallagher.com/ww2/images/GI_Bill_of_Rights_29_176.jpg
Policies and programs expanding
educational and employment opportunities
• President Truman
desegregated the
armed forces.
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.trumanlibrary.org/photos/71-2530
Policies and programs expanding
educational and employment opportunities
• Civil Rights legislation
led to increased
educational,
economic, and
political opportunities
for women and
minorities.
http://content.answers.com/main/content/wp/en-commons/thumb/6/61/250px-Lyndon_Johnson_signing_
President Johnson signs the Civil Rights Act
Of 1964. Behind him is Martin Luther King, Jr.