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Mycotoxins Phreusa T. 4328701 What are Mycotoxins?? Mycotoxin is a toxin produced by a fungus under special conditions of moisture and temperature. What are Mycotoxins?? 5,000 years ago in China. Early 1861, was reported in Russia 1891, there was a report of mouldy rice in Japan 1960, is the time of the discovery of aflatoxin. Common Members of the Mycotoxin Family Aflatoxins Trichothecenes Zearalenone Fumonisin Ochratoxins Slaframine Food containing Mycotoxins Mycotoxin Aflatoxin Organism A. flavus, A. paraciticus Foods Corn,peanuts,cottonseed, etc. Penicillium citrinum Wheat,barley,peanuts Citrisin Ochratoxin A A. ochraceus, R. veridicatum, Corn,barley,wheat, R. cyolopium peanuts A. clavatus, R. patuluns Patulin Penicillic acid A. clavatus, R. puberulum Alternaria tenuis, A. dauci Alternariol Silage, apples Zearalenone Fusarium roseum, E. moniliforme, F. nivale, E. oxysporum Corn, sorghum, wheat Fumonisin Fusarium Corn Corn, beans Weathered grain, sorghum, pecan pickouts What is Aflatoxin?? Aflatoxin is the name for a group of toxins (poisonous chemical compounds) that are produced by two fungi called Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus. Aflatoxins Four primary aflatoxins, named B1, B2, G1 and G2 plus two additional metabolic products, M1 and M2. The case with aflatoxin toxicity and carcinogenicity has been established for aflatoxin - induced mutagenic activity and DNA damage. Foods Corn Barley Cottonseed Peanuts Sorghum Wheat Silage Tree nuts Milk Apples Oats Beans Weathered grain Potatoes Symptom Edema of legs and feet Abdominal pain Vomit Acute hepatitis Convulsion Cirrhosis Carcinoma of liver Fever Jaundice Acute necrosis Malaise Aflatoxicosis Aflatoxicosis is primarily a hepatic disease. Aflatoxin B1 and Tumor Induction Aflatoxin B1 and Tumor Induction