Download Major Battles - Chiles Social Studies

Warm-Up (4/21)
Major Battles of the War
Major Battles of the War
Union Strategy
1. Capture Richmond, VA
the Confederate capital.
2. Seize control of the
Mississippi River to
prevent Confederates
from resupplying troops.
3. Blockade southern ports,
to halt trade with Europe and
“suffocate” the South
economically.
The Anaconda
Plan
The goal was to defeat the
rebellion by blockading
southern ports and
controlling the
Mississippi river. This
would cut off and isolate
the south from the
outside world.
The plan was developed
by General Winfield Scott
at the beginning of the
Civil War following the
Confederate attack on
Fort Sumter on April
12th 1861.
Anaconda Plan in Action
Confederate Strategy
1. The South didn’t want to
conquer the North. They
aimed at getting European
support (money and
supplies) and
independence recognition.
2. Fight a defensive war and
hope that the North
would tire.
3. In 1862, they implement a
draft.
Fort Sumter
April 12, 1861
The firing on Ft. Sumter
was the official start of the
Civil War
Ft. Sumter = ???
Battle of Bull Run (Manassas)
Battle of Bull Run (Manassas)
July 21, 1861 1st major battle of the Civil
War. Served as the battle
that will earn Confederate
Gen. Thomas Jackson the
nickname “Stonewall”
*Significant because it
proved that the war was
going to be a long, and
costly war
Battle of Antietam
Battle of Antietam
Sept. 17, 1862
Battle of Antietam – Robert E. Lee (Confederate) will be
ordered to take the offensive in the state of Maryland.
Militarily battle will turn out to be a draw, but not without
major casualties.
*Significance:
1) 1st major battle on Northern soil
2) Deadliest battle in American history –
23,000+ dead, wounded, or missing
3) Gave President Abraham Lincoln the
confidence to announce his Emancipation
Proclamation
Emancipation Proclamation
At the beginning of the war, the
goal was never about ending
slavery.
– Lincoln only looked to maintain
the unity of the United States and
uphold democratic government
*After Antietam, war takes on a
new goal:
formally end
slavery
Civil War Technology
Civil War Medicine
Emancipation Proclamation
3-2-1
3: Details about the Emancipation
Proclamation
2: Ways the Emancipation
Proclamation wasn’t effective
(what were the problems with it?)
1: Effect of the Proclamation
Warm-Up (4/24)
Please answer the following questions:
“The Art of War”
by Sun Tzu
As fighting continues into 1863 the North
is reeling after many defeats and Lee will
use this opportunity to try and gain
foreign aid from Europe. Lee looked to
do this by launching a campaign into the
North once and for all.
Lee Invades the Union
Reasons for invading:
1. A victory in the
North would force
Lincoln to talk peace.
2. Lee hoped the
invasion would show
that the South could
win the war; it also
might convince Europe
to help the South.
Battle of Gettysburg
July 1-3, 1863
Neither army planned
to fight at
Gettysburg, PA
Lee sent soldiers to
Gettysburg to get a
supply of shoes.
Battle of Gettysburg
Outcome of Gettysburg
Significance –
South’s hopes for foreign
recognition of the Confederacy
vanished.
Embarrassed, Lee will offer his
resignation to Jefferson Davis,
(it was refused) the Battle of
Gettysburg (combined with
Ulysses S. Grant’s victory at
Vicksburg, also on July 4)
turned the tide of the Civil War
in the Union’s favor.
Battle of Vicksburg
July 4, 1863
Vicksburg, MS will fall the same day to
Ulysses S. Grant caused the
Confederacy to split in two
and gave the North control
of the Mississippi River
Gettysburg Address
Speech given by Abraham Lincoln on Nov. 19,
1863 at the dedication of the Gettysburg
cemetery.
- Lasted only 2 minutes and was only 10 sentences
long.
- At the time earned many criticisms, but is now
considered one of the greatest speeches in American
history
"Fourscore and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this
continent, a new nation, conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the
proposition that all men are created equal.”
"Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that
nation or any nation so conceived and so dedicated, can long endure.
We are met on a great battle-field of that war. We have come to
dedicate a portion of that field as a final resting place for those who
here gave their lives that that nation might live. It is altogether
fitting and proper that we should do this.”
"But, in a larger sense, we cannot dedicate—we cannot consecrate—we cannot hallow—
this ground. The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here, have consecrated it, far
above our poor power to add or detract. The world will little note, nor long remember
what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here. It is for us the living, rather,
to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought here have thus far so
nobly advanced. It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before
us—that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they
gave the last full measure of devotion—that we here highly resolve that these dead shall
not have died in vain—that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom—
and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the
earth."
Warm-Up (4/25)
Please answer the following questions:
The Final Days of the Civil War
“Sherman’s March to the Sea”
End of War
Facing hunger, sickness, and
a mounting number of
casualties Lee and the
Southern forces will fall at
both Petersburg and
Richmond, VA.
• Lee will make an attempt to
continue the war, but his escape
route will be cut off and he will
ultimately surrender to Grant in
April of 1865
– Jefferson Davis will be captured a
month later.
Robert E. Lee
“There is nothing for me to
do but go and see
General Grant, and I
would rather die a
thousand deaths.”
Lee surrendered to Grant at
Appomattox Courthouse
on April 9, 1865.
William McClean’s Home
Appomattox Courthouse, VA 1865
Lee’s Surrender at Appomattox
*Official End to the American Civil War
The Civil War had left 620,000 dead. 360,000 for
the Union, and 260,000 for the Confederacy.
When Grant’s men began to cheer after hearing the news,
Grant silenced them by declaring, “The war is over.
The Rebels are our countrymen again.”
Genl. Grant at Appomattox. Lithograph
by C. Inger, 1872, after drawing by Edgar
Klemroth, 6th Penn. Cavalry, April 9 &
10, 1865. Library of Congress Prints and
Photographs Division
The grand review at Washington, May 23, 1865.
The glorious Army of the Potomac passing the head
stand. Lithograph by E. Sachse & Co., 1865.
Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division
The Union began its celebration, but hard
work lay ahead… as did tragedy
Reconstruction
The process of rebuilding and reestablishing the Southern states
as part of the U.S. once again
Reconstruction Era
The South faced an
uncertain future
Many cities and
homes destroyed
by the Union armies
Economic system
destroyed:
based on slavery