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Transcript
UNIVERSAL PRECAUTIONS What is Universal Precautions? Universal Precautions means treating all blood or body fluids contaminated with blood as though infected with a blood borne pathogen. Blood borne Pathogens A blood borne pathogen is a microorganism carried by human blood or other body fluids. The two most common are Hepatitis B virus and the HIV virus. Modes of Transmission Blood borne pathogens can cause infection by entering your body through: open cuts or scrapes; mucous membranes of your mouth, eyes or nose; accidental injury thru contamination with a sharp object. Blood Borne pathogens cannot be transmitted through casual contact i.e. shaking hands or using the same kitchen or bathroom. Types of blood borne pathogens Hepatitis B-. It is an inflammation of the liver caused by the Hep B virus (HBV) ∙ Infection not always apparent-can go undiagnosed or be misdiagnosed ∙ Is vaccine preventable (three shot series) ∙ Symptoms include: fatigue, loss of appetite, fever, achy muscles or joints, nausea/vomiting, jaundice (yellowing of eyes/skin), dark urine and light colored stool ∙ Can lead to cirrhosis or cancer ∙ Some people who develop become “carriers” and are infectious for the rest of their lives. Hepatitis C- currently the most common type of viral hepatitis in US ∙ Leading cause for liver transplants ∙ No cure ∙ No vaccine to prevent ∙ Symptoms similar to Hep B ∙ Symptoms may take decades to show up. Called the “silent epidemic” Human Immunodeficiency virus (HIV)∙ Virus attacks the immune system leaving the body unable to fight off other diseases ∙ No vaccine available ∙ Treatment is available ∙ Symptoms include: swollen lymph nodes, recurrent fevers, night sweats, rapid weight loss/muscle wasting, fatigue. Time Line ∙ Hep B-blood test does not immediately become + if a person is infected. Usually able to detect 1-2 weeks after exposure ∙ Hep C- can take up to three months to detect in the blood. ∙ HIV-can take 2 weeks to 6 months to show up + Body Fluids that Potentially transmits these diseases: ∙ Blood ∙ Semen ∙ Vaginal secretions ∙ Breast milk ∙ Fluids that surround internal organs ∙ Body fluids that transmit disease only if contaminated with blood o Saliva o Urine o Feces o Vomitus o Sweat o Tears Survival outside the body: ∙ Hep b-may survive in dried blood 1-2 weeks and possibly longer ∙ Hep C- limited info ∙ HIV- begins to die off almost immediately once it is outside the body and exposed to air Modes of Transmission Non-occupational ∙ Sexual contact ∙ Sharing needles Occupational ∙ Opening in the skin-if skin is intact it is a good barrier. Broken skin as potential for transmission if infected fluids get in-cut or rash where skin is broken. Risk is well below 1 % if infected blood or body fluids get into an opening of the skin ∙ Through mucus membranes (eyes, nose, mouth)-if infected fluids get splashed into mucus membranes, also < 1 % chance of infection ∙ Needle stick, sharps, broken glass, braces, knives, sewing needles and razors-chance 0.3% of being infected with HIV. Risk of getting Hep B 30% assuming you haven’t been vaccinated. Hep C 2 %. ∙ Bites-Hep b is the only virus shown to be transmitted by bites. Universal Precautions ∙ Consider all persons potentially infectious ∙ Consider all body fluids infectious Means of Prevention ∙ Hep B vaccine is 90% effective ∙ No other vaccines available for Hep C/HIV Tips to Consider ∙ Protect yourself-cover open cuts ∙ Have gloves on hand for field trips/in classroom/recess ∙ Use a barrier-better than nothing ∙ Have student self treat-apply pressure and wash hands Personal protective equipment ∙ Hand washing is the most important way to prevent infection; but always remember to use gloves when you anticipate coming into contact with blood or body fluids contaminated with blood. ∙ Avoid touching the outside of contaminated gloves when removing them. Throw gloves away and wash your hands Disinfecting ∙ Call custodian for clean up for all spills ∙ Wear gloves if you need to clean up spill Common sense ∙ If you find a “sharp” call office/me and I will come with sharps container ∙ Student with bloody nose uses large amounts of tissues, send them to me for disposal IF AN EXPOSURE OCCURS ∙ If body fluids get in eyes/mouth/nose/opening in the skin-flush with water (soapy if on skin) ∙ Seek medical attention/call me ** Have gloves and tissues on hand at recess