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Europe goes Offshore
with Wind Farms
Hermann J. Koch
Senior Member
IEEE Substations Committee
Vice Chairman
Siemens
Energy Sector Transmission
Erlangen, Germany
Europe goes Offshore with Wind Farms
Content
I.
Introduction
II.
European Union Sponsored Study
III. Intermediate Results
A. Offshore Wind Farms
B. Status of Offshore Wind Farm Planning
C. Consequences for the Network
IV. Conclusion
Page 2
April 2008
Energy Sector Transmission
Europe goes Offshore with Wind Farms
Introduction (1)

European Union (EU) gives high goals to reduce CO2 emissions.

Regenerative energies are politically and financially sponsored.

Short permission times are supported by authorities and legal
entities.

Unified in diversity: Different ways and processes in European
countries are established.
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April 2008
Energy Sector Transmission
Europe goes Offshore with Wind Farms
Introduction (2)

The latest technical developments made wind turbines more efficient
and reliable.

Increase of wind turbines energy generation capability:
Page 4
Electric Energy
Generation [MW]
Tower Height
[m]
Rotor Length
[m]
<1
30 - 40
10 - 20
1-3
50 - 60
30 - 40
5-6
90 - 100
60 - 70
April 2008
Energy Sector Transmission
Europe goes Offshore with Wind Farms
Introduction (3)
Interconnecting Offshore Wind Farms

Page 5
Vision of the Future
April 2008
Energy Sector Transmission
Europe Union Sponsored Study
GIL for Offshore
"Feasibility of using Gas Insulated Transmission Lines (GIL) to Connect
Offshore Wind Farms in the European North Sea for Electricity Trade"
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Page 6
Status of project planning
Analysis of border crossing electricity trade
Analysis of possibilities for network connections
Load flow analysis to detect congestions
Specify the offshore laying condition for GIL
Ecological and public acceptance study
Economical aspects
April 2008
Energy Sector Transmission
GIL-Offshore
Participants at the project:
Initiator international:
 European Commission – DG Energy and Transport,
Trans European Energy Networks TEN-E
Initiator national:
 German Federal Ministry of Economic Affairs and Employment
Contractor:
 Siemens
 ILF
 ForWind
- University Hannover
- University Oldenburg
Page 7
April 2008
Energy Sector Transmission
Europe Union Sponsored Study
Intermediate Results – Offshore Wind Farms (1)
What are the main advantages of offshore wind farms?

Much wind

No public

Not visible when far out

Much space
Page 8
April 2008
Energy Sector Transmission
Europe Union Sponsored Study
Intermediate Results – Offshore Wind Farms (2)
Beatrice Field – 5 MW wind turbine under construction:
Technical Data
Page 9
April 2008
Electrical Power
5 MW
Tower Height
90 m
Propeller Length
70 m
Under water steel structure
60 m
Weight of Turbine Cabin
> 400 t
Lifting Force at Swim Platform
1000 t
Energy Sector Transmission
Europe Union Sponsored Study
Intermediate Results – Status of Offshore Wind Farm Planning
Authority approvement of offshore wind farm locations:

Where?
The exact geographical location.

How much?
The total amount and type of wind turbines and the electric power
generation.

When?
Time schedule, most parks have two or three stages of installation.

How to connect?
To define the network connection point and how to get there.
Page 10
April 2008
Energy Sector Transmission
Europe Union Sponsored Study
Intermediate Results – Status: Germany
Offshore Wind Farm Status: Germany
Time Schedule: Today until 2030
Status 2008
In Operation
Permitted by
Authorities
Proposed by
Authorities
Total
No.
2
19
11
32
MW
9
23.762
4125
27.896
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April 2008
Energy Sector Transmission
Europe Union Sponsored Study
Intermediate Results – Status: United Kingdom
Offshore Wind Farm Status: United Kingdom
Time Schedule: Today until 2030
Status 2008
In Operation
Permitted by
Authorities
Proposed by
Authorities
Total
No.
5
8
6
19
MW
304
2440
2310
5054
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April 2008
Energy Sector Transmission
Europe Union Sponsored Study
Intermediate Results – Status: The Netherlands
Offshore Wind Farm Status: The Netherlands
Time Schedule: Today until 2030
Status 2008
In Operation
Permitted by
Authorities
Proposed by
Authorities
Total
No.
4
4
58
66
MW
138
1259
22.493
23.890
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April 2008
Energy Sector Transmission
Network Design 1/3
Collecting point 3
5926 MW
Collecting Point 2
1935.5 MW
Collecting point 1
5962 MW
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April 2008
1
4
14
Energy Sector Transmission
Network Design 2/3
Expected Wind Power Production in Nordsea year wise
Year
Project Name
Godewind
(C1)
NorthSea Wp
(C1)
Borkum West
(C1)
Borkum Riffgrund
(C1)
Borkum Riffgrund West
(C1)
Global Tech
(C3)
HWP NordSee
(C3)
Bard 1
(C2&C3)
He dreiht
(C2)
Deutsche Bucht
(C2)
Austerngrund
(C2)
Venti Tec Nord 1
(C3)
Venti Tec Nord 2
(C3)
Year wise increased capacity
Cumulative Year wise
2011
MW
2015
MW
320
288
60
308
280
360
400
360
326
600
2019
MW
400
400
438
360
400
400
600
535,5
400
1696
1696
1606
3302
3933,5
7235,5
2023
MW
576
400
580
2027
Expected capacity
MW
MW
896
412
1500
1040
746
560
600
1800
680
1440
600
600
2286
1600
535,5
400
400
400
600
600
600
600
4396
2212
13843,5
11631,5 13843,5
Year wise total Power Production at Collecting points
Year
Collecting Point
C1
C2
C3
Total Capacity
2011
MW
936
0
760
2015
MW
1256
0
2046
2019
MW
2854
1535,5
2846
2023
MW
4970
1935,5
4726
2027
MW
5982
1935,5
5926
13843,5
No.of GIL
3
1
3
Route length Total lengh of GIL
Kms
Kms
60
540
116
348
118
1062
Total Length
1950
No. of GILs Required to install year wise
GILs Required
C1
C2
C3
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April 2008
2011
1
0
1
2015
1
0
1
2019
2
1
2
2023
3
1
3
2027
3
1
3
15
15
Energy Sector Transmission
Europe Union Sponsored Study
Consequences for the Network (1)
Transmission Network

The existing power transmission network in EU does not fit.

Very high energy generation at places where the load is low.

Several 100 km from offshore to load centers.

High capacity transmission technology (AC and DC) with low
transmission losses required.

Underground solution required at places whith public opposition.

Large investments in wind farms and in transmission network.

Many Power Engineers required!
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April 2008
Energy Sector Transmission
Europe Union Sponsored Study
Consequences for the Network (2)
Fluctuating Energy Generation

Wind energy is fluctuating.

Reliable wind forecast for power generation planning.

Energy storage for surplus; hydro storage and gas pressure in
mines are under investigation.
Page 17
April 2008
Energy Sector Transmission
Europe Union Sponsored Study
Conclusion (1)

Offshore wind farms are under fast development

A large quantity of wind turbines in many wind farm projects are
under planning and project execution

First large scale wind turbines of 5 – 6 MW are in operation and
construction

High improvements of efficiency and reliability of wind turbines are
boosting this technology
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April 2008
Energy Sector Transmission
Europe Union Sponsored Study
Conclusion (2)

In Substations
-
Page 19
a complete new transmission structure offshore
and on land is needed to solve the challenges
coming from offshore wind farms in the next future
April 2008
Energy Sector Transmission