Download The Cold War

Name:____________________
AP World History
Block:_______
PowerPoint Activity: The Cold War
The Cold War in Asia: China and Korea
I. The Cold War Expanded into Asia in the 1940s and 1950s
A. The Cold War was a conflict of rival ideologies between the ___________ & ___________ that lasted from 1945 to
1991
1. Early in the Cold War from 1945 to 1949, the focus of the conflict was on ______________________
2. The United States used the ____________________________, ______________________________, &
___________ to successfully contain communism in Europe
3. Beginning in 1949, however, _____________________________ seemed to _____________ as communism spread
to China, Korea, & Vietnam in Asia
B. Communism in China
1. The Fall of China’s Dynastic System
a. For almost 2,000 years, China was the world’s most ____________________________________________
because of trade along the _________________________ & the power of the ruling dynasties
b. In the 1600 & 1700s, European nations became powerful, began _______________, & claiming
_______________
c. The __________________________________ in the 1700s & 1800s made Europe the center of power in the
world
d. Europeans used _________________________ to control Africa & Asia
i. Britain used the ___________________________ to claim ______________ rights in China
ii. By 1900, China was _____________ & divided into
__________________________________________________
2. Sun Yat-sen and the Nationalists introduce democracy in China
a. A group of reformers called __________________________________ called for changes
b. In 1912, _________________________ ended the Chinese dynastic system & created a
______________________ called the Republic of China
i. But, the republic did not ___________________________ China or help peasants
ii. In the 1920s, nationalist leader ___________________________________________ took over & ran China
as a ___________________________
3. The Communist Revolution
a. Meanwhile, _______________________ was growing in China under the leadership of
______________________
b. Mao’ s Communist Party gained popularity among __________________________________________ by
offering to redistribute ________________ from wealthy warlords
c. From 1930 to 1949, Nationalists & Communists fought in a bloody _______________________ for control of
China
d. In 1949, the ______________________________ won the Civil War & Mao created the Peoples’ Republic of
China
i. Chiang’s gov’t ______________ China & set up in ____________________________
ii. The USA was _______________________ when __________________ fell to communism & only recognized
the _________________________________ as the gov’t of China
4. Mao was determined to reshape China’s economy based on Marxist ___________________
a. He seized __________________ from the rich & ___________________ the land among the poor peasants
b. Mao followed ______________________ example by creating ________________________________________
& a _______________________________________ to improve Chinese industry
5. The Great Leap Forward
a. In 1958, Mao began a massive program to create _____________________ & ____________________ called
the “_____________________________________________________”
b. Millions of Chinese citizens were sent to work on large _____________________________________ to grow
food
c. Other citizens were required to work on massive ___________________________________________ like
making iron & _______________ or building dams & __________________________________
d. Mao’s Great Leap Forward started well…but, the it required forced labor & led to lots of
_____________________ by millions of Chinese citizens
e. The Great Leap Forward was a _____________________ & led severe
___________________________________, famine, & poor quality industry
f. Mao __________________ the Great Leap Forward after three years
6. The Cultural Revolution
a. After the failure of the Great Leap Forward, Mao began the __________________________________ (1966 1976)
b. The goal of the Cultural Revolution was to emphasize Mao’s
____________________________________________ & attack _______________________________ Chinese
ideas
c. Mao distributed to all Chinese citizens the “_____________________________________________,” a book of
his quotes that reinforced what was _______________________________ for Chinese communists
d. Mao targeted _______________________________________ & many joined the
__________________________, a group to protected the culture of the revolution
e. Red Guards closed _________________________ & universities; burned books; & humiliated, beat,
____________ people who opposed Mao’s ideas
f. The Cultural Revolution ________________________ the Chinese people but also led to the
__________________ or imprisonment of thousands of citizens
7. In 1976, Mao Zedong ______________ & was followed by more ___________________________ Communist
officials
8. Even without Mao, China remains a Communist nation today
C. The fall of China to communism had a major impact on the Cold War between the USA & USSR
1. The U.S. reaction
a. The U.S. response to the fall of China was to more
____________________________________________________ communism the world
b. The USA was afraid of a “________________________________________________” in which communist
nations turn their _________________________ communist
c. As a result, the USA vowed to ____________________________ the spread of communism anywhere in the
world
2. The USA acted when communism threatened ________________
a. During World War II, Korea was liberated from Japanese control by the _______________. army in the South &
the ____________________________ army in the North
b. After WWII, Korea was divided along the 38° with a __________________________________ gov’t in North
Korea & a ______________________________ in South Korea
c. The Korean War
i. In 1950, North Korea (using Soviet supplied weapons) crossed the 38° & _______________________ South
Korea
ii. When South Korea appealed to the United Nations, the USA ________________________________________
to Korea to contain communism
iii. But, when the USA pushed too close to ___________, the Chinese Army entered the war & helped North
Korea
iv. After 3 years of fighting, a _________________________________ was agreed to in 1953, the fighting
stopped, & the ________was restored as the boundary between North & South Koreas
d. The USA ________________________________________________ communism from spreading into South
Korea & showed that it was willing to ______________________ to contain communism
e. Today, Korea remains _________________________________ between a communist North & a democratic
South
3. Non-Aligned Nations
a. The fighting in Korea convinced many nations to _____________________________________ during the Cold
War
b. These “neutral” countries during the Cold War were known as the “_______________________________
nations”
D. While Korea was a success, the Cold War would _______________________ in the 1950s & 1960s as communism
threatened Africa, Southeast Asia, & ________________________________________
Activity: Read each of the quotations provided and match the quote with the appropriate historical event:
1. Fall of Dynastic China
3. Great Leap Forward
2. Communist Revolution
4. Cultural Revolution
Quote 1
Quote 2
Quote 3
Quote 4
Quote 5
Quote 6
The Cold War Escalates: Arms Race, Space Race, Espionage, & the Cuban Missile Crisis
I. The Cold War Escalates: 1950-1970
A. From 1945 to 1991, the USA & USSR used a variety of strategies to win the Cold War
1. In the early years of the Cold War (1945-1949), the USA used a _________________________________________
policy to successfully stop the spread of _______________________________ in Europe
2. Proxy Wars
a. When communism spread to ________________ in 1949, the USA feared the
“___________________________ theory” & became more ____________________________________ in its
efforts to stop communism
b. The USA went to _______________ in Korea to defend _____________________________________ from
communism
c. The Soviet Union supplied __________________________ to the communists in North Korea during the war
d. The type of indirect fight between the USA & USSR is called a
“______________________________________________”
B. From 1949 to 1970, the Cold War escalated as a result of a nuclear arms race, space race, & espionage
1. Arms Race
a. The U.S. _________________ on nuclear weapons ended in 1949 when the USSR successfully
_____________________ an atomic bomb
b. The Soviet development of the atomic bomb led to a nuclear __________________________ between the USA
& USSR
c. In 1952, the USA tested the first ____________________________________________ which is
_______________ times more powerful than the atomic bomb
d. The Soviet Union _________________________________________________________ its own hydrogen
bomb in 1953
e. By 1959, both the USA & USSR developed _______________________________ called intercontinental ballistic
missiles (________________) that could deliver nuclear _________________________ to distant targets
f. In the 1950s, U.S. President Eisenhower escalated the Cold War by using
______________________________________: threatening to __________ nuclear weapons & willingness to
go to the _______________________________________
i. If the USSR attacked a NATO member, the U.S. would use
_________________________________________________: attack every major Soviet _________________
& military target
ii. As a result, the USA & USSR began ______________________________ nuclear weapons & building up their
militaries
iii. With the USA & USSR in possession of large nuclear stockpiles, each side could
_______________________________ each other: this was known as
_________________________________________________________________ (MAD)
iv. Throughout the Cold War, the USA & USSR looked for ways to gain _________________________________
capability
2. Space Race
a. In 1957, the USSR used its first ICBM to launch ___________________, the first _______________________
into space
i. Sputnik shocked Americans who feared the U.S. had
______________________________________________________ the USSR in ________________________
& technology
ii. As a result of Sputnik, the Cold War __________________________ into a
___________________________________ to show American & Soviet dominance
b. In 1958, the USA created National Aeronautics & Space Administration (_________________) to catch up to
the USSR … U.S. schools promoted _________________, science, & _______________________________
c. The USSR repeatedly _________________ the USA in space by launching the
___________________________________ into orbit & orbiting the moon
d. In 1962, President John Kennedy committed the USA to
____________________________________________________ in the race to the _________________
e. In 1969, ____________________________ landed U.S. astronauts on the ____________________
3. Espionage and Covert Operations
a. During the Cold War, the USA & USSR created ____________________________________________________
agencies, the ______________ and ______________, in order to spy and carry out covert operations
i. The USA & USSR used ____________________ to gather intelligence
ii. U.S. & Soviet _______________________________________ gathered information also
b. The Cold War escalated as the threat of communism spread into the Middle East, Africa, & Latin America
c. The CIA _________________________________ the governments of _________________ & Guatemala and
intervened in _________________, Bolivia, ________________, & Cuba to stop communism
4. The _______________________________________________________________ brought the United States &
Soviet Union to a near _______________________________________ in 1962
The Cold War in the 1960s and 1970s
I. The Cold War under Joseph Stalin (1945-1953)
A. _____________________________________ led the Soviet Union from 1927 to 1953
1. When the Cold War began, Stalin spread communism into the ______________________________ in Eastern
Europe
2. Stalin escalated the Cold War by creating the ____________________________________________________ in
1948
3. Under Stalin, the USSR tested the ________________________ in 1949 & _____________________________ in
1953
4. Stalin signed a “treaty of friendship” with ______________________________________ after the Chinese
Revolution
5. Stalin sent _____________________ to communists in ________________________________ during the Korean
War
B. Joseph Stalin’s ________________ in 1953 changed the Soviet Union & how it approached the
_____________________ against the United States
II. The Cold War from 1953 to 1980
A. Nikita Khrushchev & De-Stalinization
1. New USSR leader Nikita Khrushchev began a series of reforms known as
____________________________________, which included releasing political ______________________ &
____________________ censorship
2. Khrushchev seemed willing to ________________________________________________ to ease Cold War
tensions… But, tensions between the USA & USSR ______________________________________ throughout the
1950s & 1960s
a. Under ______________________, the Soviet Union launched _______________________ & the space race
began
b. The creation of _____________ led to the stockpiling of ______________________ weapons during the arms
race
B. In 1961, ___________________________________ became U.S. president…Kennedy & Khrushchev faced two
important crises that heightened Cold War tensions: Building of the Berlin Wall & the Cuban Missile Crisis
1. Berlin Wall, 1961
a. Khrushchev was upset with the increasing number of communist ____________________________________
who moved to democratic ___________________________________
b. In 1961, Khrushchev threatened to ____________________________ to West Berlin like Stalin’s blockade in
1948
c. President Kennedy promised to ______________________ West Berlin
d. Rather than ______________________ the city, Communist leaders built the
______________________________ to keep East Germans out of West Berlin
2. Cuban Missile Crisis, 1962
a. When __________________________ seized power in __________________ in 1959, the USA feared the
spread of communism so close to America
b. After a failed attempt to _________________ Castro, Khrushchev secretly sent nuclear _______________ to
Cuba
c. The U.S. successfully ______________________________ Cuba & Khrushchev removed the ________________
in exchange for the removal of American ICBMs in Europe
d. The Cuban Missile Crisis was the closest the USA & USSR came to ________________________________
C. Vietnam War, 1965-1973
1. From 1965 to 1973, the USA became involved in the _______________________________________
a. When communist leader ____________________________________________ gained independence for
Vietnam, the USA feared ______________________________ in SE Asia
b. Vietnam was __________________________ into a communist North & a democratic South
c. In South Vietnam, communists known as the ___________________ worked to _________ North & South
Vietnam
d. To _______________________ communism, the USA sent _________________ to Vietnam starting in 1965
i. The American military used ___________________ raids, pesticides, &
__________________________________ missions to fight the communists
ii. Despite these efforts, the U.S. was ____________________________________________ the communist
enemy
2. The Vietnam War was expensive, hurt the U.S. _________________, & became unpopular with
__________________ protestors in the USA.
3. In 1973, the USA ______________________ from Vietnam & 2 years later communists _________________
Vietnam
D. Détente in the 1970s
1. America’s ____________________________ in Vietnam led to a change in Cold War policies
2. The USA abandoned its containment policy & began looking for ways to
_____________________________________ with Cold War enemies
3. In the 1970s, Richard Nixon’s policy of _____________ (easing Cold War tensions) replaced
_____________________
a. Recognition of China
i. In 1972, Nixon became the first U.S. president to ____________ & _______________________ communist
China
ii. Nixon’s visit to China put ________________ on the ___________________________ to negotiate with the
USA
b. Détente with the Soviet Union
i. In 1972, Nixon met with Soviet leader Brezhnev to discuss
____________________________________________
ii. The USA & USSR signed the ___________________________________________________________ Talks
(SALT) which limited the number of _______________ each nation could have
iii. By the 1970s, the USA & USSR seemed willing to peacefully _____________________
E. Invasion of Afghanistan, 1979-1989
1. But, détente ________________ in 1979 when the USSR invaded ________________________________________
to put down an anti-communist uprising
a. The U.S. viewed the attack as an attempt to spread _______________________ into South Asia & the Middle
East
b. The United States cut off all _______________ with the USSR & sent _________________ &
__________________ aid to Afghan rebels
2. The USSR fought in Afghanistan from 1979 to 1989, but was
______________________________________________ the Afghan resistance
a. The war exhausted Soviet _________________ & proved as _______________________________ as Vietnam
was for the United States
b. The war renewed _____________________________ between the USA & USSR
F. Cold War in the 1980s
1. In the 1980s, new U.S. President ___________________________ helped win with Cold War against the Soviet
Union
2. President Reagan’s strong ____________________________________________ policies & the collapse of
communist economies brought the Cold War to an _____________ by 1991