Download Your Handy Dandy Vocab List Units 1-9

Your Handy Dandy Vocab List Units 1-9
Joint Stock Company: Investors pool money for a common purpose
Virginia Company: A Joint Stock Co. chartered by James I to establish settlements in North America
Tobacco: Major crop. Served as currency.
Powhatan: Group of Native Americans that lived in East Virginia. Helped settlers survive.
House of Burgesses: First representative body in America. Included 2 citizens from each colony.
Bacon’s Rebellion: Protested Native American Raids
Slavery: People property of others
King Phillips War: Colonist’s and Native Americans allied under 1 leader (Metacom)
Jamestown: First permanent settlement.
Puritans: Eliminated all traces of Roman Catholicism in the Church of England
Separatists’: member of one Puritan group. Denies possibility of Reform
Quakers: Society of Friends
Domination of New England: wanting to make colonies more Obedient, King James placed Northern
Colonies under 1 ruler.
Quebec: French settlement in America
Glorious Revolution: Transfer of monarchy from James II to William and Mary
Enlightenment: 18th century intelligence movement. Use of reason and Scientific method.
Salam Witch Trials: Accusation of witchery. Limitation on women’s roles
Triangular trade: The name for a trading system which included: Europe, Africa, and the Americas.
Middle passage: One leg of the triangular trade, Africa would send slaves to the Americas.
Benjamin Franklin: Inventor. Embraced truth through reason
Great awakening: Religious revival
Mercantilism: Balance of trade. You should Export more then you import.
Boson Massacre: Clash between U.S. and England with only 5 deaths. Used as Propaganda.
Boston Tea Party: Members of the Sons of Liberty dumped tea into the Boston Harbor.
Common Sense: Pamphlet made to promote patriotic cause.
Intolerable Acts: Series of laws passed to punish colonists.
Townshend Act: Indirect tax on imports
Stamp Act: Direct tax on legal documents
Treaty of Paris 1783: Set terms for the end of the American Revolution
Minute men: Colonial malicious men that could be at arms at any time
1st Continental Congress: Held in Philadelphia, 57 delicates met to establish a list of civil rights.
Committee of Correspondence: allowed for the exchange of information between colonists to discuss
problems with Great Britain.
Articles Of Confederation: 1st outlined government for the U.S
Declaratory Act: Act passed by Great Britain stating they have control over the colonies.
Red Coats: British Military
2nd Continental Congress: Held in Philadelphia. Appointed George Washington as head of the military
Natural Rights: Life, liberty, and property
Patriots: Rebel against British
Loyalist: Remained true to the King
Social Contracts: Agreement between people for government to control people
Tea Act: allowed British Company to sell tea
Sons of Liberty: Headed by Samuel Adams. Created to protect the rights of the colonists.
Quartering Act: Had to allow soldiers to stay in your home without your permission
Northwest Ordinance: Laws that established procedures for new states to enter union.
Shay’s Rebellion: uprising of Massachusetts farmers because of increased taxes
Constitutional Convention: meeting to create a written form of Government
Federalism: Nation and state share power
Bill of Rights: First 10 Amendments
Checks and Balances: System used to ensure one branch of government does not gain too much power
Electoral College: Representatives vote from each state for a presidential candidate.
Great Compromise: agreement to have two house legislation
New Jersey Plan: equal number of representatives from each state.
Virginia plan: Large state plan based on population
Unicameral: House of legislation
Bi cameral: 2 house legislation
3/5’s Compromise: 3 out of 5 slaves would be counted toward population numbers
Alien and Sedation Acts: Power of immigrants decreases
XYZ affair: incident in which French officials demanded a bribe from U.S. diplomats
Cabinet: Chief Advisor’s of the president
Bank of the U.S: 1st financial institution
2 party system: Republic and Democrat
Protective tariff: tax on imports to help colonies
Excise tax: Name for tax of products made within a country
Antifederalist: Wouldn’t ratify constitution without a Bill of Rights
Federalist: willing to ratify Constitution
Elizabeth Cady Stanton: Fought for women’s suffrage
Land Ordinance: law that established a plan for surveying and selling federally owned land west of the
Appalachian Mountains
Seneca Falls Convention: Women’s rights convention held in Seneca Falls, New York
Louisiana Purchase: The 1803 purchase of the Louisiana territory from the French by the U.S. Extended
from the Mississippi River to the Rocky Mountains.
War of 1812: A conflict between the U.S and Great Britain. Resulted in Blockades, impressments, and
Great Britain giving weapons to the Native Americans.
Erie Canal: 363 mile long artificial waterway connecting the Hudson River to Lake Erie.
Monroe Doctrine: A Policy of U.S opposition to any European interference with Western affairs
Eli Whitney: Inventor of the Cotton Gin
Cotton Gin: invented by Eli Whitney. Made getting the seeds out of cotton easier thus calling for a
higher demand of slaves.
Interchangeable parts: Standardized parts that could be exchanged
Manifest Destiny: 19th century belief the U.S would expand to the Pacific Ocean
Abolitionism: Movement to end slavery
Judiciary Act of 1801: increased number of federal judges allowed Adam’s to fill with federalist
Lewis and Clark: Leaders of the Expedition of the Louisiana Territory
Popular Sovereignty: System in which residents vote to decide an issue
Spoils System: Practice of winning candidates gave supporters government jobs
Indian Removal Act: Forced Native Americans to the West
Train of Tears: Forceful march of Cherokee Indians to Oklahoma
Tecumseh: Indian chief who tried to united Indian tribes
War hawks: member of Congress who favored war with Britain
Treaty of Ghent: Ended War of 1812
Impressments: Forcible seizure of men for military service
Judicial review: Supreme Court’s power to declare act of congress unconstitutional
Embargo: Government ban on trade
Armistice: Truce
Temperance: Organized effort to ban Alcohol
Marbury v. Madison: began judicial review
Nat Turner: Born into slavery. Believed he was chosen to lead his people out of bondage
William Lloyd Garrison: radical white abolitionist. Wrote the Liberator
Missouri Compromise: series of agreements passed by congress in 1820-1821 to maintain balance
between slave states and Free states
War with Mexico: Resulted in U.S gaining California, Utah, and New Mexico
Wilmot Proviso: proposed none of the land gained from the War with Mexico be turned into slave states
Compromise of 1850: Series of Congressional measures intended to settle the major disagreements
between free and slave states
Kansas-Nebraska Act: Enacted in 1854; added the territories of Kansas and Nebraska
John Browns Raid: Attempt to start a slave revolt. Stole weapons From Harpers Ferry
Gettysburg Address: Speech delivered by Abraham Lincoln. Dedication of a Cemetery
Habeas Corpus: Court order requiring authorities to bring a prisoner in front of a court to determine if
that person is being held legally
Emancipation Proclamation: Executive order issued by Lincoln to free all slaves behind Confederate lines
Reconstruction: Period of rebuilding after Civil War
Radical Republicans: One of Congressional Representatives who after the civil war wanted to destroy
political power of former slave owners and give African-Americans freedom and right to vote
Freedman’s Bureau: Federal agency set up to help former slaves
Black Codes: Discriminatory laws passed in post war south which severely restricted African-American’s
lives
Ku Klux Klan (KKK): Secret organization that used terroristic methods in an attempt to restore white
supremacy in Southern States after Civil War
Impeachment: Process of accusing a public official of wrong doing
13th Amendment: Abolished Slavery
14th Amendment: All persons born/nationalized in U.S are citizens
15th Amendment: Prohibits denial of voting rights
Robert E Lee: Most famous Southern General
Stonewall Jackson: Stood like a Stone wall (hence the nickname) after being shot in the hand at battle of
Bull Run (Confederate)
William Sherman: Northern General. Involved in the Burning of Atlanta
Jefferson Davis: President of Southern States.
Ulysses S. Grant: Most famous Union General. Fought in the War with Mexico
Fort Sumter: 1 of2 Southern Forts that belonged to the Union
Antietam: Firing of Mcclellan. The war could have ended
Vicksburg: Gave North Control of the Mississippi
Gettysburg: Turning point of the war
Battle of Atlanta: Crippled Trade
Abraham Lincoln: 16th President
Andrew Johnson: 17th President
Dred Scott Case: Ruling stated Slaves were not Citizens.
American Federation of Labor: An alliance of trade and craft unions
Bessemer process: Cheap way to make steel
Chinese Exclusion Act: Prohibited most Chinese from entering the U.S
Ellis Island: European Immigrants first go to the Island before entering U.S
Angel Island: Immigration station for those coming from the West
Hull House: Created by Jane Adams to help immigrants
Ida Tarbell: Muckraker. Exposed the Standard Oil Company
John D Rockefeller: Ran oil monopoly
The Jungle: Exposed the horrors of the meat packing Industry
Jane Adams: Founded the Hull House
Jim Crow Laws: Laws separating Blacks and Whites
Motion Picture: Movie industry Flourished
Muckraker: Person who exposed corruption
NAAPC: Promoted racial equality
Nativism: Favoring natural born Citizens
Phonograph: Recorded music
Pullman’s Strike: decreased wages and increased taxes at Pullman industry
Plessey v. Ferguson: Deemed Separate but Equal
Standard Oil Company: monopoly controlled by John D. Rockefeller
Samuel Gompers: Created American Federation of Labor
Sitting Bull: Indian Chief. Killed Custer
Thomas Edison: Perfected the Light bulb
Wounded Knee: Ended the Indian Wars
18th Amendment: banned Alcohol
Prohibition: Time period when Alcohol was illegal
19th Amendment: Women’s suffrage
Imperialism: taking over other countries
Expansionism: Policy of territorial or economic expansion
William Seward: Purchased Alaska
Yellow Journalism: The use of exaggerated reporting to gain readers
U.S.S Maine: Exploded under mysterious Circumstances
Rough Riders: Voluntary Calvary that served in the Spanish-American War
Spanish-American War: Attack on Spain after the explosion of the Maine
Roosevelt Corollary: Extension of Monroe Doctrine (speak softly and carry a big stick)
Platt Amendment: Made Cuba a Protectorate of U.S
Protectorate: a state that is controlled by another
Panama Canal: Artificial waterway that connected the Atlantic and Pacific Ocean
Suffrage: Right to vote
Nationalism: Devotion to one’s nation
Militarism: Building up of a strong standing army
Allies: Great Britain, France, and Russia
Central powers: Germany, Austria-Hungry, Ottoman Empire
Archduke Franz Ferdinand: Assassinated. Caused WWI
No man’s land: Area between the Trenches. Meant instant Death.
Trench warfare: Military strategy where attacks came from trenches rather than an open battlefield
Lusitania: Exploded by submarine warfare
Zimmerman Note: From Germany to Mexico. State Germany would help attack the U.S
WWI: Started because of alliances, imperialism, and nationalism.
Submarine Warfare: Fighting in the water, usually done by sending out missiles
Espionage Act: Stated no one was to talk bad about the war
Great Migration: Movement of Black to North from South
Woodrow Wilson: 28th president. Created 14 points
Eugene Debs: One of the founding members of the International labor Union
League of Nations: Association to promote peace and international cooperation
14 points: 1-5-Preventing another war
6-13-Changes of boundaries in Europe 14: League of Nations
Reparations: Money Germany had to pay to Allies
War-Guilt Clause: Provision in Treaty of Versailles which Germany acknowledged that it started WWI
Isolationism: Refusal to participate in the affairs of other countries
Communism: based on one party system where everyone is equal
Red Scare: Fear of communism
Henry Ford: Created the assembly line
Mass production: Production of goods in large quantities by dividing labor
Louis Armstrong: Jazz musician from New Orleans
Jazz: A style of music characterized by the use of improvising
Langston Hues: Poet during Harlem renaissance
Harlem Renaissance: Rebirth of music in African American culture
Overproduction: Producing more then you can sell
Speculation: Involvement of risky business to make a large profit
Buying on Margin: Purchasing stocks by paying little and barrowing the rest
Stock market Crash: Dramatic decline of stock prices
Great Depression: Millions unemployed. Economy in decline
Drought: Lack of rain
Dust Bowl: farming land made unusable by overproduction.
Unemployment: State of being unemployed
Hoovervilles: Shantytowns set up by the unemployed during the Great Depression
New Deal: Roosevelt’s program to alleviate problems of the Great Depression
Franklin D Roosevelt: 32nd President
Eleanor Roosevelt: First Lady. Human rights activist.
Tennessee Valley Authority: Federal Corporation established to construct dams and power plants in the
Tennessee Valley
Wagener Act: Protected Worker’s rights
Social Security Act: Aid for Retirees
Huey Long: “King Fish” Created Share our Wealth Program
Court Packing Bill: Bill proposing to add more seats to Supreme Court by Roosevelt
Neutrality Act: Acts passed to prevent U.S arms sales and loans to nations at war
Pearl Harbor: Reason U.S entered WWII
Internment Camps: The detention of Japanese after Pearl Harbor
Lend-Lease Act: Allowed U.S to ship arms and other supplies to nations fighting Axis Powers
Battle of Midway: Turning point of war in the Pacific
D-Day: invasion of European mainland
Fall of Berlin: Berlin captured by Soviet Union
War mobilization: Military uses Tanks to attack the enemy.
Rationing: Specific amount of goods in a certain time period
War Industries Board: Agency established to increase efficiency and decrease waste
Manhattan project: U.S Plan to build an Atomic bomb
Atomic Bomb: Nuclear weapon used on Hiroshima and Nagasaki.
Marshall Plan: U.S agreed to give financial aid to countries after WWII
Truman Doctrine: U.S will give financial aid to countries to combat Communism
Containment Policy: Stop the spread of Communism
Korean War: Divided at 38th parallel. Attempt to stop communism
Joseph McCarthy: Wisconsin Senator that claimed to have a list of communists.
Cuban Revolution: Fidel becomes dictator and creates communist government
Bay of Pigs: Eisenhower created army of Cuban refugees to attack Cuba. Failed because air strike was
late
Cuban Missile Crisis: nuclear weapons positioned 90 miles of the coast of Florida
Vietnam War: Divided at 17th parallel. Communism took over
Tet offensive: Surprise attack by Vietcong on U.S
Sputnik: 1st artificial satellite to be put in space by the Russians
Camp David Accords: Peace agreement between Egypt and Israel
Iran revolution: Shah overthrown
Iran hostage Crisis: 52 Americans held hostage for 444 days
Iran-contra affair: Sold weapons to release hostages. Got into hands of Rebels in Nicaragua
Baby boom: The sharp increase in U.S birthrates after WWII
Levittown: Pre manufactured homes costing $7000
Interstate highway Act: made is easier to go from state to state
Television: largest form of mass communication
Kennedy/Nixon Debate: First televised Presidential Debate
Personal Computer: replaced typewriter. Made it possible to have word possessors in your home
Cellular Telephone: using satellite signals, people can communicate from anywhere
Integrate: combing of the races
Jackie Robinson: First African American to join Major League baseball team
Brown v. Board of Education: 1954 case where Supreme Court ruled “Separate but equal”
Unconstitutional
Martin Luther King Jr.: believed in Civil Disobedience
Civil Rights Act of 1964: Law that banned discrimination in public places
Voting rights act of 1965: Law that ended literacy tests and made it easier for African Americans to vote
Warren Court: The Supreme Court when Earl Warren was Chief Justice. Active in Civil rights and free
speech
Miranda law: all suspects must be read rights before questioning
John F. Kennedy: Supporter of Civil rights
Lyndon Johnson: Led a war on Poverty
Great Society: President Johnson’s program to reduce poverty and racial injustice
Medicare: A federal program that provides hospital insurance and low cost medical insurance
Robert F. Kennedy: Brother of JFK
SNCC: An organization formed in 1960 to coordinate sit-ins and other protests. Gave young blacks a
bigger role in the Civil rights movement
SCLC: An organization formed by Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. for civil rights through non-violent means
Sit-ins: non-violent form of protest. Refused to move until served
Freedom Rides: happened because some states used segregation on buses.
NOW: Group that supported women’s rights
Feminism: Activists that fought for women’s rights
Cesar Chavez: Known for fighting for equal opportunities for farm workers
United Farm Workers: Equal pay for grape growers
Rachel Carson: Wrote Silent Springs
Silent Spring: Warned of the dangers of pesticides
Earth day: Because of Silent Springs, it is celebrated every year
EPA: Fought to protect Environment. Environmental Protection Agency
Richard Nixon: President that Resigned
Watergate Scandal: members of Republic broke into Democratic National Convention and covered it up
Gerald Ford: Replaced Nixon after Watergate Scandal
Roe v. Wade: Court case making abortion legal
California v. Bakke: addresses issues of affirmative action policy.