Download NOTES-Chapter 23 Section 2: Europe Erupts in War Main Idea

NOTES-Chapter 23 Section 1: The Rise of Dictators
Main Idea: The shattering effects of World War I helped set the stage for a new
aggressive type of leader in Europe and Asia
Europe after World War I
 The ____________________________________________ was unable to satisfy all
parties involved; many European nations wanted it to go farther.
 Germany suffered the most as a result of the Treaty; they were humiliated and
suffered severe economic blows.
 The Treaty’s demands for German reparations helped bring about a period of
_______________________ in Germany, German money had no value.
 Germany established the Weimar Republic, a democratic government, but it was
not very strong.
Totalitarian Leaders Arise
 __________________________ was the first of the totalitarian leaders to emerge.
o Founded the _______________________ party.
 Created a system of government that stressed the glory of the state,
rights of individuals were second to the greatness of the state.
 Mussolini established a dictatorship, a government in which a leader holds all the
power.
o Established a totalitarian regime, controlled all aspects of Italian life.
 _____________________________ emerged as the leader of Germany.
o In his early career he joined the _____________________________, as a
part of this party he discovered his talent for public speaking.
o While imprisoned for attempting to take over the German government by
force he wrote Mein Kampf that outlined Hitler’s major political goals:
 _________________________________________________________
 Blamed ___________ for Germany’s problems and believed they
threatened the purity of the Aryan (white) race.
o Hitler gained support through his optimistic goals for Germany. Started
moving to establish himself as a dictator.
 Started to build up the German military which went against the Treaty
of Versailles.
 ____________________________________ emerged as the fascist leader of Spain
following the Spanish Civil War.
 _______________________________ emerged as the communist leader of the
Soviet Union (previously called Russia).
o Communism and Fascism were political opposites but used similar
techniques to achieve their goals.
Totalitarian Governments and Military Force
 Totalitarian leaders were not afraid to use __________________________ against
their opponents and ________________________________ against other nations.
 In Japan the civilians were growing dissatisfied with the government.
o Japanese nationalists in the military, supported by the Japanese people,
began to assert their power without approval of the government.
o Wanted to expand Japan, moved into the Chinese province of Manchuria.
 League of Nations tried to stop the spread of Japan but they did not
have the power to do so.
 Italy invaded Egypt and conquered the country.
o The Ethiopian leader asked the League of Nations for help but the
international community was unwilling to make a strong stand against
_________________________.
Hitler Takes Action
 After Hitler took power in Germany he began building up the German military
which went against the Treaty of Versailles, convinced France and Britain to allow
him to do so – called ________________________________.
o Also Germany moved troops into a territory along the French border at
_____________________________; France was still unwilling to take
military action against Germany.
 Hitler’s next move was to attempt to force Austria to unite with Germany, when
they refused he sent in troops.
o Broke the Treaty of Versailles further, were not permitted to expand their
empire. He was allowed to do this too.
 Hitler was confident that no one would stop him; Hitler made moves to take over
the German speaking part of Czechoslovakia called the ______________________
o Hitler met with French and Great Britain’s leaders about the violations of the
Treaty of Versailles and they agreed to allow him to do so.
o Called it a “peace for our time.”
NOTES-Chapter 23 Section 2: Europe Erupts in War
Main Idea: Far from being satisfied by the actions of France and Great Britain, Germany
turned to force and triggered the start of World War II.
World War II Starts
 British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain believed that his policy of
___________________________, or giving in to aggressive demands to maintain
peace, had prevented war.
 Hitler moved troops into the rest of Czechoslovakia, then he started creating
alliances that would help him.
o Signed an alliance with Italy and the Soviet Union.
 Germany claimed that Poland had attacked them and used it as an excuse to
invade Poland.
o Used ___________________________, or a combination of air attack and
fast moving strikes, to take over Poland.
German Forces Turn to the West
 In 1939 France and Great Britain declare war on Germany and become the known
as the _______________
o Waited for Germany to make the first move.
 In May 1940 German troops invaded Belgium; they were met by Belgian, British,
and French troops.
o The Allies were unable to stop the German assault.
o German forces took over much of France except for a small area called
______________________________
 Great Britain stood alone against Germany; Hitler prepared to invade Great
Britain.
o The British Royal Air Force was able to inflict heavy damages on German
planes to prevent an attack.
o German planes began bombing London in an attack called ______________
o Britain continued to hold out against the Germans.
Tensions in East Asia
 Japan wanted to expand their influence in Asia.
o Joined an alliance with Germany and Italy to become the _______________
 Japan started attacking aggressively towards French colonies in Asia called French
Indochina.
o United States reacted to the move by punishing Japan economically.
o Japan tried to meet with American government to compromise, Japanese
leader Hideki Tojo convinced the Japanese government not to compromise.
NOTES-Chapter 23 Section 3: The United States Enters the War
Main Idea: Isolationist feeling in the United States was strong in the 1930s, but
Axis aggression eventually destroyed it and pushed the United States into war.
American Isolationism
 Isolationism: ____________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
o Americans would have gone to war to advance American interests but
they wanted to choose when and where to do so.
 President Franklin D. Roosevelt was not an isolationist, but Congress was.
o Passed the ____________________________ in 1935 that would keep
America out of conflicts by barring the sale of goods or making loans to
countries in war.
 Roosevelt wanted to do more to interfere with the conflicts going on in
Europe, could only support the Neutrality Act.
o American isolationists wanted America to remain neutral.
o Remaining truly neutral meant allowing Fascist governments to have
the advantage (such as Italy or Spain).
 After Japan invaded China Roosevelt could no longer stay quiet about his
views on world events.
o Compared the spread of war to a contagious disease, urged Americans
to “quarantine” aggressive nations.
o Became known as the ________________________________________
Preparing for War
 Isolationists did not want to support Roosevelt in taking a stance against
aggressive nations.
 Hitler’s actions in Europe strengthened Roosevelt’s position, appeasement
was not working.
o Roosevelt got Congress to change the Neutrality Act to a policy called
______________________________ under which countries were
allowed to purchase American goods as long as they paid cash and
picked up their orders in American ports.
o As Germans gained more victories this policy turned to “all aid short of
war” to help the Allies fight off the Germans.
 Roosevelt decided to seek a third term as President, he was re-elected.
 After his re-election Roosevelt approved the __________________________
_________________ that would send weapons to Great Britain despite their
ability to pay for them.
o The ties between Great Britain and America were further strengthened
by the _____________________________ that proclaimed the shared
goals of the two nations against Hitler and his allies.
Japan Attacks Pearl Harbor
 Japan was hostile towards the United States for previous conflicts in
Indochina and present views of the United States.
o American officials were determined not to fire the first shot and tried
to negotiate with the Japanese.
 Japanese led a surprise attack on Pearl Harbor on ______________________
o The American base took heavy casualties and damage.
o Attack lasted barely two hours.
 Americans were fearful and angry at the attack on their own soil.
 On December 8th Roosevelt asked for a declaration of war against Japan.
o Three days later Germany and Italy also declared war on the United
States.
NOTES-Chapter 23 Section 4: Mobilizing For War
Main Idea: The outbreak of World War II spurred the mobilization of American
military and industrial might.
Mobilizing the Armed Forces
 The attack on Pearl Harbor ended most of the isolationist feelings that
Americans still had.
 Now that America was entering the war we had to _____________________
the country, or bring it into readiness.
o Starting in 1940 the US increased military spending; this spending had
increased the profits of businesses and helped bring workers back to
the factories.
 Mainly responsible for ending the Great Depression.
 Following Pearl Harbor President Roosevelt reinstated the ______________,
but many volunteered eager for the chance to defend their country.
 Women, while they could not participate in combat, took on many vital jobs
in the military effort freeing men for combat.
o Took clerical jobs or helped build aircrafts and repair equipment.
o Some women joined the ______________________________________
__________________________ testing and delivering aircrafts.
 With all the new soldiers in the war the United States had to build lots of
new army bases.
Mobilizing Industry and Science
 Many factories that created consumer goods were converted into factories
that built weapons or airplanes.
o Not only had to develop lots of war supplies but also had to ship them
overseas.
 Government created new agencies to help mobilize the war effort – helped
regulate what factories produced, what prices they could charge, and how
the nation’s raw materials would be used.
o Key American business leaders led these agencies.
 Women moved into the factory jobs that men left behind, working women
began to be represented by the symbolic figure known as _______________
________________________
 Government spending during WWII helped end the Great Depression, as
workers went back to the factories Roosevelt established the _____________
__________________________________ to help settle labor disputes.
 The __________________________________ was started to begin
developing an atomic bomb.
o Technology would play a major role in WWII.
Fighting for Freedom at Home
 African Americans were allowed to serve in WWII but they were still
discriminated against.
o Their bravery and contributions often went unrecognized.
 As white males vacated their factory jobs for enlistment, thousands of
African Americans found opportunities for them in the factories.
o Often forced to take the lowest-paying jobs.
 Hispanic’s also saw increased opportunities during WWII.
o The US established the ______________________________ that gave
Mexican workers the opportunity to work temporarily in the United
States
o Arrival of Hispanic workers led to increased tensions and race riots.
o Hispanics also served in the armed forces.