Download American civil war 1861-1865 First battle of bull run (manassas)

AMERICAN CIVIL WAR 1861-1865
FIRST BATTLE OF BULL RUN (MANASSAS)
• July 21, 1861
• 1st major battle of Civil War
• Leaders: North = Irvin McDowell; South =
P.G.T. Beauregard
• Spectators attended battle
Union Maj. Gen. Irvin
McDowell
VS.
Confederate Gen.
P.G.T Beauregard
• “Stonewall” Jackson rallied Confed troops
• Rebel yell
• Union retreated into civilians
1862 photo of Matthews House
• Shocked North thought war would be quick
but it would be long and costly
• Winner = South
1. How did the outcome of this battle affect each
side?
2. What might have changed if the outcome of
this battle was different?
Cofederate Lt. Gen.
Thomas “Stoewall”
Jackson
- March 8-9 1862
MONITOR VS. MERRIMACK
- North Blockade east coast of US
- Leaders: North – Lt. John Worden South –
Capt. Franklin Buchanan
- Merrimack captured by Confed. and
became ironclad Virginia
- South attack/challenge Union blockade
- North repel attack neither ship is sunk
- North kept Confed. ship in harbor =
preserved blockade
- Winner = North = preserved blockade
1. How does technology affect war?
2. Why is the Civil War considered to be the first
modern war?
CSS Virginia (Merrimack)
was larger than the USS
Monitor
BATTLE OF SHILOH
- April 6-7 1862
- Confed. surprise attack try to beat
before reinforcements arrived
- South drove Union back 1st day
- Bloodiest/most brutal fighting of war
- Union reinforcements/gun boats drove
South back 2nd day
- Combined 20,000 casualties
- Led to Union control of Mississippi River
- Winner = North
1. What was the goal of the Union army in the
west?
2. Why was Grant an unpopular but effective
Union commander?
3. What might have happened is the Union
would not have been able to gain control of
the Mississippi river?
- April 25 – May 1, 1862
NEW ORLEANS
- Leaders: North – David Farragut
(navy)/Benjamin Franklin Butler (army);
South – Mansfield Lovell
- N.O. largest city in South
- Laid siege to city
- Led to Union control of Mississippi River
- Butler led ground troops to occupy city
- City surrendered April 28th
- Union occupied largest Southern city
- Winner = North
1. What was the significance of this Union victory?
2. How would the Union strategy have had to change without this victory?
3. Is there any way the Confederacy could have overcome losing the war in the
west?
SECOND BATTLE OF BULL RUN (MANASSAS)
- Aug. 29-30, 1862
- Leaders: North – John Pope; South –
Lee/Jackson
- Pope attacked Jackson Aug. 29
- Both sides heavy causalities
- Largest simultaneous assault of war =
Confederate infantry/artillery attack
- Union retreat
- Winner = South
- Choose a perspective: North or South
- Write a headline for a potential newspaper article about this battle
- Remember: this is the 2nd battle at this location in VA and the Union lost both
times.
- March 1862
- Leaders: North – George
McClellan; South – Robert E. Lee
- North = Peninsular campaign
Union come in from ship
between York and James Rivers
- Long Union operation to mount
attack on city
- Too long to attack – failed to
take city
RICHMOND
Peninsula Campaign
Date
March 1862–
August 26, 1862
Location
southeastern
Virginia
Combatants
United States
Confederacy
Commanders
George B.
McClellan
Joseph E. Johnston,
Robert E. Lee
Casualties
23,900
(approximate)
(16,800 killed and
- Winner = South
wounded, 7,100
- Eventually Richmond will fall to
captured or
missing)
Union forces 1. How might a better commander have been able to use
this strategy more effectively?
2. If you were Lincoln, how would you have handled the
ineffectiveness of your army in the East?
29,600
(approximate)
(27,500 killed and
wounded, 2,100
caputred or
missing)
ANTIETAM (SHARPSBURG)
- Sept. 17, 1862
Dunker Church –
Confederate Soldiers
- Leaders: North – McClellan; South – Lee
- Jefferson Davis ordered invasion of MD –
thought win would get foreign aid
- Union troops found copy of battle plans
- Union waited 4 days to attack – allowed Lee
to get more troops
- Antietam Creek/town of Sharpsburg, MD
- Single worst day of war
- Heavy losses suffered on both sides (approx.
20,000 + casualties)
- Winner = Draw (North claims as victory) Photo Analysis:
- What do you see?
- What is the purpose of this image?
- How might images like this have affected civilians?
FREDERICKSBURG
- Dec. 13, 1862
- Leaders: North – Ambrose Burnside; South –
Lee
- Union army larger
- Confed. army better position
- Union attack multiple times = unsuccessful
- Burnside resigned his command after defeat
was replaced by Joseph Hooker
- Winner = South
Photo Analysis:
1. What do you see?
2. What are the advantages and disadvantages of using trenches in battle?
CHANCELLORSVILLE
- April 30 - May 6, 1863
- Leaders: North – Joseph Hooker; South – Lee
- Hooker tried to rebuild and attack Lee
- Lee struck 1st at Chancellorsville, VA
- Lee divided troops – 2 pronged attack
- Lee suffered heavy losses including
“Stonewall” Jackson (accidentally shot by own
pickett May 2 - died May 10 from
complications from having arm amputated)
- Winner = South (considered Lee’s greatest
victory)
1. Why was this battle considered to be Lee’s greatest victory?
2. What conclusions can we draw from looking at the battle statistics?
- July 1,2,3, 1863
GETTYSBURG
- Leaders: North – George Meade; South – Lee
- Lee tried to invade North – looking for supplies
- Hooker did not follow Lincoln’s orders replaced
by Meade
- 3 day battle start with accidental meeting
- 1st day – Confed. successful
- 2nd day – draw
- 3rd day – Confed. launch Pickett’s Charge ½ mile
march over open ground into center of Union
lines
- Worst battle of war some 50,000 combined
casualties
- Winner = North
http://www.history.com/topics/american-civil-war/battle-ofgettysburg/videos/the-battle-of-gettysburg
1. Why is the Battle of Gettysburg considered to be the turning point of the
war?
2. What might have happened if Lee had gotten the great northern victory
he was seeking?
VICKSBURG
- May 18 - July 4, 1863
- Leaders: North – Ulysses S. Grant; South –
John Pemberton
- Happening in west same time as
Gettysburg
- Last holdout to Union control of
Mississippi River
- Confed. surrendered July 4th
- Cut South in half
- Winner = North
1. What does the map show?
2. How might a city hold out
under repeated attacks?
3. What might you have seen
and heard if you had been
living in Vicksburg at the
time?
BATTLES OF: WILDERNESS, SPOTSYLVANIA, COLD HARBOR
- May 5 – June 12, 1864
- Leaders: North – Grant/Meade; South – Lee
- Series of battles in East
- Grant strategy to attack on all fronts
- 115,000 Union troops go after Lee’s 64,000
troops
- Confed. lines hold all 3 battles
- Grant lost thousands of men got a rep. as a
butcher
- Grant continued to pursue after each meeting
- After Cold Harbor Grant turned toward
Petersburg
- Winner = South
1. What is Grant’s end game?
2. How was Grant different that other Union general in
the East?
3. What could Lee have done to change the outcome of
the war?
Grant
vs.
Lee
SHERMAN’S MARCH TO THE SEA (ATLANTA)
- Nov. 12 – Dec. 22, 1864
- Leaders: North – William Sherman;
South: Joseph Wheeler
https://study.com/academy/lesson/general-sherman-begins-the-marchtoward-atlanta-may-4-1864.html
- March Union army from Atlanta to
Savannah, GA
- Total war = raid, burn, kill 50 mi. wide
path to coast then turn north
- Destroy anything useful to South (ex. RR
lines – torn up and rails bent/destroyed)
- After Savannah turn north thought SC to
eventually meet Grant
- Winner = North
1. What is total war?
2. What was the point of allowing Sherman’s actions in the South?
3. What effect did this have on the civilian population of the South?
APPOMATTOX COURTHOUSE
- April 9, 1865
- Leaders: North – Grant; South – Lee
- Lee tried to regroup remaining forces to stop
Sherman – unsuccessful
- Surrendered to Grant Apr. 9 in a small village
in VA (Appomattox Courthouse)
- Terms of surrender: lay down weapons and
go home; keep horses; 3 days worth of food
to southern soldiers
- Abraham Lincoln assassinated April 14, 1865
- Jefferson Davis captured in Georgia May 10,
1865
- Winner = North
1. What do you see in this image?
2. What is the significance of the positioning of the
figures in the image?
3. Write a caption for this image - from a northern
perspective and from a southern perspective.