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NATO III
• Bucharest. The enlargement summit (April 2-4 2008)
• The summit initiated the third round of enlargement in
the post-Cold War era
• These last two rounds of enlargement were “strategic”
in the sense that the new members’ territory lay in
regions that Russia consider critical to its own national
interest
• A logical continuation of NATOs involvement in the
Balkans since early 1990’s, but also a way to increase
NATO’s capacity for international action through the
addition of new members and partners
NATO III
• Tuning and calibrating the process of enlargement
• Membership Action Plan (MAP). Launched in 1999.
Provides advice, assistance and practical support
• The main features with MAP are:
- submission of individual annual progress reports,
covering political, economic, defence, resource,
security, and legal aspects
- a focused feedback mechanism
- coordinated assistance, including specific defence
planning
• Participation in MAP does not guarantee future
membership
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• The first NATO military operation in the Balkans
where ”Operation Sharp Guard” (1993- 1996)
• With the Dayton Agreement, NATO deployed a
peacekeeping force, first named IFOR then SFOR
(1996-2004)
• 1999. Full-scale military engagement, waging an
11 week bombing campaign (without UNSecurity council mandate)
• KFOR under UN-mandate
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• Albania joined the alliance April 1, 2009
– Post-communist era marked by political and
economical turmoil.
– Corruption: ranked 105 out of 175 countries, with
the worst showing in central Europe
– need bilateral assistance to participate in
international missions and lacks sufficient
logistical capabilities
NATO III
• Croatia joined the alliance April 1, 2009
- Had no real obstacles to overcome in terms
of political and economical reforms
- Strong backing from European states
• Macedonia. Membership opposed by Greece
- the two countries have been in disagreement
over Macedonia’s use of the name
“Macedonia” since 1991
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Summary
Future members? Russia?
Enlargement also creates internal problems:
More members strains the decision making
process
Where, and when, will the enlargement stop?
Diluted organization?