Download Chapter 35: America in World War II Describe the role of

Chapter 35: America in World War II
Describe the role of propaganda in WWII (like we did in WWI) and note the messages being sent and what the
propaganda seems to be doing: ________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
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The war in review
Women and World War II (“Rosie the Riveter”)
– New opportunities because _________________________________________
– Still faced _____________________________________________
– Were expected to complete their “domestic” duties
– WAC (____________________) and WAVES (______________________________________)
Organizing the American Economy for War
 The War Production Board
– The goal: make America the “arsenal of democracy” with conversions of industry
• Automakers would now make airplanes and tanks
• Other workers would retrain workers for wartime tasks
 G.D.P. (____________________________) rises rapidly
 The ______________________________ manages union leaders and business owners to settle disputes
 Government spending rises to new levels
– Taxes account for 45% (“______________________________” is introduced)
– War bonds help in financing the war
 Office of Price Administration:__________________________________________________________
– too many $ chasing too few goods = ________________________________
The Internment of Japanese-Americans
 Were they loyal? Sabotage? Did their spies cause Pearl Harbor?
 “Enemy Aliens” (Germans, Italians, Japanese) had to ________________________________________
 The Japanese-Americans did not have _________________ and were potentially more easily recognized
 _______________________ (February 1942) goes into effect and even native born Japanese-Americans
are sent to internment camps inland
 ____________________ v. _____
– _______________________ as a native born citizen who disobeyed the law and appealed it all
the way to the Supreme Court
– The Court _____________________________________________________________________
 100,000 were forced to relocate into guarded “barracks”
 442nd Regimental Combat team was an all-Japanese unit
African-Americans and WWII
 The Double V Campaign: Victory for _____________________________________________________
 Black G.I.’s were segregated and were not permitted in combat (at first)
 Tuskegee Airmen
– there were many people who thought that black men lacked intelligence, skill, courage and
patriotism.
– ______________________________________________________________________________
– ______________________________________________________________________________
 At the same time Executive Order 9066 inters Japanese-Americans, _____________________________
outlaws discrimination against African-Americans in the defense industry
 _____________________ had threatened a march on Washington if black civil rights were not protected
 The ______________________________________ continued to northern industrial cities
– Blacks may have escaped the South but not racism
– The ___________________________ fought for equal opportunities in housing and employment
– The Congress of Racial Equality (_______) confronted discrimination with nonviolent resistance
Jewish Americans and WWII
 Nazi persecution of Jews in Germany began in 1933 as soon as Hitler rose to power
 The 1924 National Origins Act __________________________________________
– remember ________________________________________________________________ ?
 Anti-Semitism led to a lack of support for __________________________________________________
 The War Refugee Board was created in 1944 to finally help ___________________________
Mexican Americans and WWII
 Discrimination had barred many Mexicans from better jobs in the United States
 During the war, laborers were needed
– The bracero program allowed ___________________________ in the farms and on the railroads
 June 1943: ________________________________________
– __________ suits were associated with Mexican teenagers (____________________) and gangs
who roamed barrios (______________________________) in Los Angeles
– Mobs of sailors and marines sought out Mexicans and others wearing a zoot suit and beat them
– Another example of _________________________________________
The Situation in Europe in December 1941
 The Germans broke the ____________________________ Pact w/ Operation ____________________
 Germany had attacked the USSR and was pushing toward Moscow and the oil-rich Caucacus Region
 Hitler needed oil and needed to keep oil out of Allied hands
– __________________ (“The Desert Fox” of the Afrika Korps) would help him control N. Africa
 Europe or the Pacific, first? (“Europe First”)
 Military rule by the Nazis was harsh in Europe
 The “___________________________” to the “Jewish question” was underway
– Jews were crowded into ghettos (small sections of cities) that could be guarded
• _________________________________________________________________
– Others were _____________________________________________________________
The War in Europe
 Where to attack first?
– In _____________________________ and move into Italy?
– In _____________________________ and stage forces in Great Britain?
– In _____________________________ and help our new ally, the Soviets?
 November 1942 the US invades northern Africa
– Led by Generals _____________________________, Axis resistance collapses by May 1943
 Italy _______________________________________________________________________________
 The USSR fights alone and turns the tide at ______________________________
– _________________ Germans and ________________ Soviets die
– _________________, _________________ and _________________ doom the Nazis
 Meanwhile the American pilots rely on ____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
 The decision was made NOT to bomb Auschwitz (the largest concentration camp) or others
– Why? ________________________________________________________________________
 June 6, 1944: _____________
– The Allies invade _______________________________________________________________
 Meanwhile the Soviets push west and liberate the camps where the true horrors of the holocaust are
discovered.
– Genocide = ____________________________________________________________________

The Battle of the Bulge (December 1944)
– Hitler makes one last counteroffensive in ____________________________________________
 April, 1945
– With ______________________________, Hitler ______________________________
– FDR ______________________________ and Harry Truman ___________________________
 May 8, 1945: __________________ (Victory in Europe)
The War in the Pacific
 Pearl Harbor _________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
 In March 1942, ____________________ and ____________________ left the Philippines after defeat
by the Japanese (“I shall return!”)
– 7000 American prisoners die on the 63 mile “Bataan Death March” at the hands of the Japanese
 Japan controlled the Chinese coast but in the _______________________ the American navy led by
______________ defeated the Japanese navy (May 1942) and the Japanese did not expand into Australia
 Meanwhile, _________________________ and the American Air Force were bombing Tokyo
 The “Europe First” strategy hurt American commanders in the Pacific
 The policy of _______________ - _______________ (____________________________) is adopted
– One by one, the American navy and marines would liberate Japanese-held islands moving us
closer to mainland Japan
– Sometimes an island could be skipped, isolating it from others leading to eventual surrender
when supplies ran out
 At the _______________________________ (June 1942) the Japanese went on the offensive to
eliminate the American navy and __________
– The Japanese never fully recovered and moved to a defensive stand for the rest of the war
 MacArthur does ____________________________________ in October 1944
 _______________ and _______________ would bring the U.S. even closer to Japan for invasion
– Nearly all of Japan’s 22,000 soldiers die defending Iwo Jima and 6800 Americans die in taking
the island
– At Okinawa, bloody combat claimed the lives of 12,000 Americans and 100,000 Japanese
 __________________________ become a new concern
 The Manhattan Project
– German American scientist _________________________ made ______ aware of the
destructive power of nuclear bombs
– By summer 1945, the top secret “___________________________” produced an atomic weapon
– Does the U.S. use it or not?
• Perhaps 500,000 Americans die if Japan is invaded
• Many Japanese civilians would die in the aftermath
 The Japanese would not accept __________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
 August 6, 1945: The _______________________drops the first atomic bomb on __________________
– 80,000 people die
 August 9, 1945: A second bomb (“_______________________________”) is dropped on Nagasaki
– 40,000 people die
 It is estimated a total of ________ died as a result of the blast or by burns, radiation poisoning or cancer
 August 14, 1945: V-J Day
 How do the death tolls of WWII compare with WWI? ________________________________________
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