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UNIT 8 – YEARS BETWEEN THE WARS TO WWII
SSWH17.a: Examine the impact of the war on science,
art, and social thinking by identifying the cultural
significance of Sigmund Freud, Albert Einstein, and
Picasso.
1. Albert Einstein – When did he win the Nobel
Prize? For what? 1921 – Theory of Relativity
2. Theory of Relativity – What was this? Ideas
dealing with the fact that space and time can
change (counters some of Newton’s beliefs)
3. Sigmund Freud – How did his theories weaken
faith in reason? Said that humans are irrational.
Our subconscious mind directs our desires.
4. Art – Following WWI, why was there such a
change
in
artistic
expression?
Depict
imagination/emotions vs reality. Realism to
surrealism. Picasso – paints Guernica (Chaos to
depict the bombing of the city of Guernica in
northern Spain.
SSWH17.b: Determine the causes and results of the
Russian Revolution from the rise of the Bolsheviks
under Lenin to Stalin's first Five Year Plan.
1.
2.
Bolsheviks – Who were they? “Small” committed
group of Russian Marxist
Vladimir Lenin – What did he lead? Bolsheviks
3.
4.
5.
Czar Nicholas II – Why were Russians unhappy
with his rule? Poor population, Poor Leadership,
Food Shortages, people are wary of Rasputin…
Lenin – (STALIN, TROTSKY – an “axident”) STALIN
Five Year Plans – What were their goals?
a. Increased
agricultural
production
(collectivization), increased industrial
production, economic strength – Lasts from
appx 1925 – 1930
SSWH17.c: Describe the rise of fascism in Europe and
Asia by comparing the policies of Benito Mussolini in
Italy, Adolf Hitler in Germany, and Hirohito in Japan.
1. Benito Mussolini – What was his nickname? Who
was he? Il Duce (the Leader) – Fascist leader of
Italy.
2. Fascism – Why did this rise in the 1930s?Global
Economic depression What did it advocate as its
goals? GLORIFICATION of the state, Single party
system, STRONG Ruler. What type of
government was it a response to fear of?
Communism
3. Italy, Germany, and Japan – What did these three
have in common during the 1930s? Fascism or
TOTALITARIANISM
4. Japan – What event in the 1930s increased the
appeal of non-democratic leaders here?
ECONOMIC
DEPRESSION
and
LIMITED
RESOURCES
5. Adolf Hitler – Who was he? Fascist dictator of
Germany (Der Fuhrer)
6. Hirohito – Who was he? Fascist dictator of Japan
SSWH17.d: Analyze the rise of nationalism as seen in
the ideas of Sun Yat Sen, Mustafa Kemal Attaturk, and
Mohandas Ghandi.
1.
2.
3.
Sun Yat-Sen (Yixian) – Why was he important?
What did he do? First leader of the Chinese
Republic (ITS NOT A DYNASTY)
Mustafa Kemal – Why was he important? What
reforms did he introduce to Turkey? Ataturk.
Established the modern state of Turkey. Secular,
democratic (MODERN) state.
Gandhi – What type of resistance did he
advocate? What are examples of this resistance?
a. Leader of the Indian independence
movement.
i. Advocates for
1. Non-Violence
2. Civil Disobedience
SSWH17.e: Describe the rise of totalitarianism and the
police state that existed in Russia, Germany, and Italy
and how they differ from authoritarian governments.
1.
Dictator – What type of government would use
this leader? A totalitarian government.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
a. Totalitarian
Mussolini – Who was he? Why was he important?
a. Fascist dictator of Italy. He unifies the
country and brings his country into World
War II.
Fascism – Which nations used this government
during the 1930s?
a. Japan, Italy, Germany, Spain
Totalitarian government – What is this? Which
countries had this? Who were their leaders?
a. Russia (Stalin), Germany (Hitler), Italy
(Mussolini), Japan (Hirohito), Spain (Franco)
Russia – What event leads to the rise of a
totalitarian government here?
a. Lenin’s death, global depression.
How did world leaders respond to totalitarian
governments in the 1930s?
a. Governments sought to APPEASE these
governments (Italy and Germany).
i. APPEASE – to satisfy or make happy
SSWH17.f: Explain the aggression and conflict leading
to World War II in Europe and Asia including the Italian
invasion of Ethiopia, the Spanish Civil War, the rape of
Nanjing in China, and the German annexation of the
Sudetenland.
1.
Mussolini’s invasion of Ethiopia – What were the
results of this?
2.
a. Mussolini claims Ethiopia as an Italian
Territory. (still unable to fully secure it)
b. VIEWED AS A VICTORY BUT THE FIGHT WILL
COME BACK…
Rape of Nanjing/Attack on Nanjing – Why did this
receive attention from the world? The Japanese
literally raped the city and killed its civilians
SSWH18.a: Describe the major conflicts and outcomes
including Pearl Harbor, El-Alamein, Stalingrad, D-Day,
Guadalcanal, the Philippines, and the end of the war in
Europe and Asia.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Bataan Death March – Who went on this? Why?
a. Allied prisoners – Japanese forced them to.
70,000 prisoners and only 54k survived.
Battle of Midway – Why was this significant in the
Pacific?
a. In the Pacific. Japanese conflict with the US.
United States/Allies win and this TURNS
THE TIDE IN THE PACIFIC
“Island hopping” – How were these islands
chosen?
a. Strategic locations that appeared to be
easier to overpower.
D-Day – What was this?
a. Allied invasion of the beaches at Normandy
b. IMPORTANT BC it signals the beginning of
taking back France
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
c. Normandy. When the Allied forces
overpower the German fortifications and
ultimately they overpowered France,
Belgium and Luxembourg.
Kamikazes – What were their main targets? What
do these demonstrate about Japanese culture?
a. “Divine Wind”
b. Pearl Harbor – Battleships - utilize their
planes as weapons.
c. Extreme Nationalism
WWII Casualties – Which nation had the most?
a. Soviet Union (just keep pouring people into
the fight)
Blitzkrieg – What advantage did this strategy
depend on?
a. Literally means “lightning warfare” German
b. Surprise
c. Air (planes), land (tanks), mechanized
assault.
Pearl Harbor – FDR described this as what?
a. “A day that will live in infamy…”
b. December 7. 1941
Battle of the Bulge – Why is this important?
a. The FINAL German Offensive. Marks the
turning of the tide on the Western Front.
Begins the Allied advance to Berlin.
b. Stalingrad - The FINAL German Offensive.
Marks the turning of the tide on the Eastern
10.
11.
12.
13.
Front. Begins the Soviet Union’s advance to
Berlin.
Atomic bombs – What two Japanese cities were
these dropped on? Why did President Truman
agree to drop these?
a. Hiroshima and Nagasaki (acceptable targets
because of their geographic location and
role in war)
b. It seemed to be the only way to stop the
war
Battle of Stalingrad – Why were the Germans
defeated in this?
a. The German army was surrounded and
crushed.
b. Marks the turning point in the Eastern Front
and begins the march towards Berlin.
El Alamein – Which Allied general led the
victorious troops here?
a. Bernard Montgomery (Allied) and Erwin
Rommel (Axis) The Desert Fox
b. The LARGEST TANK BATTLE IN HISTORY
Fall of France to Germany – What events led to
this?
a. The Fall of Paris, evacuation of British
Forces, the fall of Dunkirk
SSWH18.b: Identify Nazi ideology, policies, and
consequences which led to the Holocaust.
1. Auschwitz – What was this?
a. Most famous concentration camp (aka a
death camp)
i. Concentration Camp – camp designed
to efficiently exterminate people
ii. Labor/Work Camp – Typically where
people are initially sent and they are
forced to work and sometimes work to
death.
2. “Final Solution” – What was the goal of this? How
is this related to the Holocaust?
a. The Final Solution was Hitler’s plan for the
extermination of the Jewish people.
b. Hitler utilized camps and ghettos to single
out and exterminate the Jewish people.
3. Kristallnacht – How did this demonstrate
persecution of the Jews?
a. The Night of Broken Glass – Nazis
deliberately targeted Jewish homes,
businesses, and synagogues.
SSWH18.c: Explain the military and diplomatic
negotiations between the leaders of Great Britain
(Churchill), the Soviet Union (Stalin), and the United
States (Roosevelt/Truman) from Teheran to Yalta and
Potsdam and the impact on the nations of Eastern
Europe.
1.
Atlantic Charter – This was a declaration of
freedom of what? What was its significance?