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COMORBIDITY 2006 <875>
Database Ovid MEDLINE(R) In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations and Ovid MEDLINE(R)
Unique Identifier 17172006
Status MEDLINE
Authors Daini S. Tonioni F. Barra A. Lai C. Lacerenza R. Sgambato A. Bria P. Cittadini A.
Authors Full Name Daini, S. Tonioni, F. Barra, A. Lai, C. Lacerenza, R. Sgambato, A. Bria, P. Cittadini, A.
Institution
Istituto di Psichiatria e Psicologia, Universita Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy. [email protected]
Title
Serum magnesium profile in heroin addicts: according to psychiatric comorbidity.
Source
Magnesium Research. 19(3):162-6, 2006 Sep.
Journal Name
Magnesium Research
Country of Publication
England
Abstract
Psychiatric comorbidity in heroin addiction can modify both the biological pattern and clinical
course of this disorder. Because of the role of magnesium in neurotransmission and its
specific patterns in some psychiatric conditions, such as depression and schizophrenia, we
studied a sample of heroin dependent subjects, with and without psychiatric comorbidity. A
sample of 162 drug addicts (123 men and 39 women, mean age 32.3 +/- 6.7) was diagnosed
for the presence of psychiatric comorbidity with DSM IV criteria. They were subsequently
divided in 4 subgroups: No comorbidity, Anxiety Disorders, Mood Disorders, Personality
Disorders. Differences in serum magnesium level between the groups were analysed with the
Anova method, with age as covariate. Results show that serum Mg++ levels are significantly
higher in patients with heroin dependence and personality disorders compared to patients
with depression comorbidity and without comorbidity. Psychiatric codiagnosis significantly
modifies Mg++ levels in this drug dependent sample. Gender modifies Mg levels in no
comorbid subjects so that females show significantly lower Mg++ levels compared to males.
The presence of psychiatric comorbidity abates this difference.
ISSN Print 0953-1424
Publication Type Journal Article.
Date of Publication 2006 Sep
Year of Publication 2006
Issue/Part 3
Volume 19
Page 162-6
COMORBIDITY 2006 <892>
Database Ovid MEDLINE(R) In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations and Ovid MEDLINE(R)
Unique Identifier 16965639
Status MEDLINE
Authors Kertesz SG. Madan A. Wallace D. Schumacher JE. Milby JB.
Authors Full Name Kertesz, Stefan G. Madan, Alok. Wallace, Dennis. Schumacher, Joseph E. Milby, Jesse B.
Institution
Div. of Preventive Med., Univ. of Alabama at Birmingham, School of Med. and the Deep South Center on
Effectivenessat the Birmingham Veterans' Affairs Medical Center; 1530 3rd Ave South MT 608 Birmingham, Alabama
35294, USA. [email protected]
Title
Substance abuse treatment and psychiatric comorbidity: do benefits spill over?
Analysis of data from a prospective trial among cocaine-dependent homeless persons.
Source
Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention, & Policy. 1:27, 2006.
Journal Name
Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention, & Policy
Other ID
Source: NLM. PMC1584225
Country of Publication
England
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Comorbid psychiatric illness can undermine outcomes among homeless
persons undergoing addiction treatment, and psychiatric specialty care is not always readily
available. The prognosis for nonsubstance abuse psychiatric diagnoses among homeless
persons receiving behaviorally-based addiction treatment, however, is little studied.
RESULTS: Data from an addiction treatment trial for 95 cocaine-dependent homeless
persons (1996-1998) were used to profile psychiatric diagnoses at baseline and 6 months,
including mood-related disorders (e.g. depression) and anxiety-related disorders (e.g. posttraumatic stress disorder). Treatment interventions, including systematic reinforcement for
goal attainment, were behavioral in orientation. There was a 32% reduction in the prevalence
of comorbid non-addiction psychiatric disorder from baseline to 6 months, with similar
reductions in the prevalence of mood (-32%) and anxiety-related disorders (-20%) (p = 0.12).
CONCLUSION: Among cocaine-dependent homeless persons with psychiatric comorbidity
undergoing behavioral addiction treatment, a reduction in comorbid psychiatric disorder
prevalence was observed over 6 months. Not all participants improved, suggesting that even
evidence-based addiction treatment will prove insufficient for a meaningful proportion of the
dually diagnosed homeless population.
General Note Original DateCompleted: 20070612
Publication Type Journal Article. Randomized Controlled Trial. Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural.
Date of Publication 2006
Year of Publication 2006
Volume 1
Page 27
COMORBIDITY 2006 <901>
DatabaseOvid MEDLINE(R) In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations and Ovid MEDLINE(R)
Unique Identifier 16861144
Status MEDLINE
Authors Douzenis A. Michopoulos I. Lykouras L.
Authors Full Name Douzenis, Athanasios. Michopoulos, Ioannis. Lykouras, Lefteris.
Institution
Department of General Hospital Psychiatry, Athens University Medical School, Attikon Hospital, Greece.
Title
Sulbutiamine, an 'innocent' over the counter drug, interferes with therapeutic
outcome of bipolar disorder.
Source
World Journal of Biological Psychiatry. 7(3):183-5, 2006.
Journal Name
World Journal of Biological Psychiatry
Country of Publication
Scotland
Abstract
A case of a patient with bipolar disorder with a history of hospitalizations and addiction to
sulbutiamine is presented. Sulbutiamine is a precursor of thiamine that crosses the bloodbrain barrier and is widely available without prescription in most countries or over the internet.
Because of this patient's need to consume ever increasing quantities of sulbutiamine, his
psychiatric care was severely compromised through him defaulting appointments and
frequent changes of psychiatrists. This paper reviews the current scientific knowledge about
sulbutiamine, and some of the information and claims available on the web about its use and
potential. It is argued that doctors need to be aware of the potential misuse of medication
available over the counter or on the internet and its potential harmful influence.
ISSN Print 1562-2975
Publication Type Case Reports. Journal Article.
Date of Publication 2006
Year of Publication 2006
Issue/Part 3
Volume 7
Page 183-5
OPIOIDS 2006 / COMORBIDITY 2006 <932>
Database Ovid MEDLINE(R) In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations and Ovid MEDLINE(R)
Unique Identifier 16309810
Status MEDLINE
Authors Gerra G. Leonardi C. D'Amore A. Strepparola G. Fagetti R. Assi C. Zaimovic A. Lucchini A.
Authors Full Name Gerra, Gilberto. Leonardi, Claudio. D'Amore, Antonio. Strepparola, Giovanni. Fagetti, Roberto.
Assi, Cinzia. Zaimovic, Amir. Lucchini, Alfio.
Institution
Addiction Treatment Centre, AUSL Parma, Italy. [email protected]
Title
Buprenorphine treatment outcome in dually diagnosed heroin dependent patients: A
retrospective study.
Source
Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry. 30(2):265-72, 2006 Mar.
Journal Name
Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry
Country of Publication
England
Abstract
The present study compared retrospectively in a clinical non-experimental setting the
efficacy of buprenorphine (BUP) in different subgroups of dually diagnosed and non-dually
diagnosed opioid-dependent patients: all the subjects included in the study showed severe
long-lasting heroin addiction and 68.4% were affected by psychiatric comorbidity. Participants
(206) (mean age 32.2+/-8.9, 177 males-29 females) were applicants to a long-term
buprenorphine treatment program (mean doses 7.9+/-0.42 mg). Aim of the study was to
evaluate dual diagnosis variables possibly influencing retention rate and abstinence from illicit
drugs. The patients were divided into 5 subgroups on the basis of dual diagnosis: group 1:
major depression (MD) 29.61%; group 2: generalized anxiety (GAD) (11.2%); group 3:
personality disorders (PD), antisocial-borderline (21.84%); group 4: schizophrenia
(SC)(6.3%); group 5: substance use disorder without overt psychiatric comorbidity (SUD)
(31.1%). Group 1 patients affected by MD showed the highest retention rate at 12 months
(72.1%) in comparison with the other groups of patients: group 2 GAD (39.1%), group 3 PD
(17.8%), group 4 SC (7.7%) and group 5 SUD, without comorbidity (45.3%) (p=0.006,
p<0.001, p<0.001, p=0.002). Similarly, at 12 months, the patients affected by MD showed
less risk of illicit opioid use (16.4%) than those affected by GAD (34.8%), PD (42.2%), SC
(53.8%) and SUD without comorbidity (34.4%) (p=0.06, p=0.003, p=0.008, p=0.017). When
evaluated on the whole sample, retention rate was not influenced by dose. In contrast, the
higher BUP doses were associated with less risk of illicit opioid use, than lower doses
(p<0.001). Multivariate analysis and factor analysis showed a greater association of outcome
measures (retention rate and negative urines rate) with comorbid diagnosis (depression)
(respectively 0.64) than with buprenorphine doses (respectively 0.54). Our data need to be
interpreted with caution because of the retrospective methodology applied to a clinical nonexperimental setting. BUP seems to be more effective in opioid-dependent patients affected
by depression, probably due to the kappa opioid-receptors antagonist action, counteracting
dysphoria, negativism and anxiety. High doses of BUP appear to predict a better outcome, in
terms of negative urines, but not in terms of retention.
ISSN Print 0278-5846
Publication Type Clinical Trial. Comparative Study. Journal Article. Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't.
Date of Publication 2006 Mar
Year of Publication 2006
Issue/Part 2
Volume 30
Page 265-72
COMORBIDITY 2006 <390>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2007055147
Authors Hesse M. Pedersen M.U.
Institution
(Hesse, Pedersen) Centre for Alcohol and Drug Research, University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
Antisocial personality disorder and retention: A systematic review.
Source
Therapeutic Communities: the International Journal for Therapeutic and Supportive
Organizations. 27(4)(pp 495-504), 2006. Date of Publication: Dec 2006.
Abstract
The purpose of this review is to examine treatment retention for drug dependent users with
co-occurring antisocial personality disorder (ASPD). Peer-reviewed papers were identified
searching Medline, PsycInfo and bibliographies of seminal papers. Seventeen studies were
identified, and a meta-analysis on retention was conducted. The overall impact of ASPD was
non-significant with an effect size of -0.05. However, differences were found between
programmes. Studies conducted in Therapeutic Communities indicated that subjects with
ASPD were more likely to complete treatment than drug abusers without ASPD, whereas in
drug-free outpatient treatment the reverse was true. Implications for future research and
substance abuse treatment are discussed.
ISSN 0964-1866
Publication Type Journal: Review
Journal Name Therapeutic Communities: the International Journal for Therapeutic and Supportive Organizations
Volume 27
Issue Part 4
Page 495-504
Year of Publication 2006
Date of Publication Dec 2006
COMORBIDITY 2006 <396>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2007021186
Authors Erkiran M. Ozunalan H. Evren C. Aytaclar S. Kirisci L. Tarter R.
Institution
(Erkiran, Ozunalan, Evren, Aytaclar) Bakirkoy State Hospital for Psychiatric and Neurological Diseases, Istanbul,
Turkey.
(Kirisci, Tarter) Center for Education and Drug Abuse Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh,
Pittsburgh, 707 Salk Hall, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
Substance abuse amplifies the risk for violence in schizophrenia spectrum disorder.
Source
Addictive Behaviors. 31(10)(pp 1797-1805), 2006. Date of Publication: Oct 2006.
Abstract
The factors responsible for the association between schizophrenia and violence with or
without co-occurring substance abuse have not been fully elucidated. The present study had
two aims: (1) ascertain whether substance abuse augments the risk for violence in patients
with schizophrenia; and, (2) determine whether violence is differentially related to positive and
negative symptoms of schizophrenia. A sample of 133 adults were participated in this study.
Patients with bizarre behavior and avolition-apathy symptoms were more likely to manifest
violent behavior. In addition, patients with a history of criminal offenses and substance use
disorder were more likely to exhibit violent behavior. Based on the results of this study, it is
feasible to identify individual with schizophrenic spectrum disorder who are at high risk for
violence. copyright 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
ISSN 0306-4603
Publication Type Journal: Article
Journal Name Addictive Behaviors
Volume 31
Issue Part 10
Page 1797-1805
Year of Publication 2006
Date of Publication Oct 2006
COMORBIDITY 2006 <424>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2007003796
Authors Huang D.B. Kamat P.P. Wang J.
Institution
(Huang, Wang) Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States.
(Huang, Kamat) University of Texas, Houston School of Public Health, Houston, TX, United States.
(Huang) 900 Ridgebury Rd, G4, Ridgefield, CT 06877, United States.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
Demographic characteristics and antisocial personality disorder of early and late
onset alcoholics identified in a primary care clinic.
Source
American Journal on Addictions. 15(6)(pp 478-482), 2006. Date of Publication: Nov 2006.
Abstract
A total of 1,734 persons were prospectively screened in a primary care clinic to examine the
demographic characteristics and presence or absence of antisocial personality disorder
among early onset alcoholics (EOA) and late onset alcoholics (LOA). A total of 76 EOA (male
= 58 and female = 18) and 80 LOA (male = 56 and female = 24), as determined by the
Comprehensive Drinking Profile Scale, participated in the study. EOA tended to be single and
were younger, in a lower socioeconomic class, raised by non-biological parents, more likely to
have antisocial personality disorder, and more likely to commit certain convicted offenses
compared to LOA (p[less-than or equal to].05). This study found that EOA identified in a
primary care clinic have a different demographic profile and are more likely to have antisocial
personality disorder compared to LOA. Copyright copyright American Academy of Addiction
Psychiatry.
ISSN 1055-0496
Publication Type Journal: Article
Journal Name American Journal on Addictions
Volume 15
Issue Part 6
Page 478-482
Year of Publication 2006
Date of Publication Nov 2006
COMORBIDITY 2006 / OPIOIDS 2006 <426>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2007003794
Authors Shiri R. Hassani K.F. Ansari M.
Institution
(Shiri, Hassani) Tampere School of Public Health, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.
(Ansari) Department of Internal Medicine, Ekbatan Hospital, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan,
Iran, Islamic Republic of.
(Shiri) Klaneettitie 1 D 105, FIN-00420 Helsinki, Finland.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
Association between opium abuse and comorbidity in diabetic men.
Source
American Journal on Addictions. 15(6)(pp 468-472), 2006. Date of Publication: Nov 2006.
Abstract
The aims of this study were to determine the prevalence of opium abuse in diabetic men and
to investigate its association with comorbidity. The study population was comprised of 312
consecutive diabetic men aged 20 years or older residing in the study area in 2005. The
prevalence of self-reported opium abuse was 11.2%. Opium use was associated with low
socioeconomic status, smoking, tea consumption, and a higher prevalence of erectile
dysfunction (ED) and severe depression. The prevalence of severe depression was 22.8%
among 35 men who used opium and 13.4% among 277 who did not use it. The prevalence of
moderate or severe ED was 85.7% among opium users and 66.1% among non-users. The
risk of ED was two times (95% CI 1.0-7.4) higher in opium users compared with nonusers.
Copyright copyright American Academy of Addiction Psychiatry.
ISSN 1055-0496
Publication Type Journal: Article
Journal Name American Journal on Addictions
Volume 15
Issue Part 6
Page 468-472
Year of Publication 2006
Date of Publication Nov 2006
COMORBIDITY 2006 <459>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2006583523
Authors Kendler K.S. Myers J. Gardner C.O.
Institution
(Kendler, Myers, Gardner) Virginia Institute of Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Medical College of Virginia,
Virginia Commonwealth University, Box 980126, Richmond, VA 23298-0126, United States.
(Kendler, Myers, Gardner) Department of Psychiatry, Medical College of Virginia, Virginia Commonwealth
University, Box 980126, Richmond, VA 23298-0126, United States.
(Kendler) Department of Human Genetics, Medical College of Virginia, Virginia Commonwealth University, Box
980126, Richmond, VA 23298-0126, United States.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
Caffeine intake, toxicity and dependence and lifetime risk for psychiatric and
substance use disorders: An epidemiologic and co-twin control analysis.
Source
Psychological Medicine. 36(12)(pp 1717-1725), 2006. Date of Publication: Dec 2006.
Abstract
Background. Although caffeine is the most commonly used psychoactive substance and
often produces symptoms of toxicity and dependence, little is known, especially in community
samples, about the association between caffeine use, toxicity and dependence and risk for
common psychiatric and substance use disorders. Method. Assessments of lifetime maximal
caffeine use and symptoms of caffeine toxicity and dependence were available on over 3600
adult twins ascertained from the population-based Virginia Twin Registry. Lifetime histories of
major depression (MD), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and panic disorder, alcohol
dependence, adult antisocial behavior and cannabis and cocaine abuse/dependence were
obtained at personal interview. Logistic regression analyses in the entire sample and within
monozygotic (MZ) twin pairs were conducted in SAS. Results. In the entire sample, measures
of maximal caffeine use, heavy caffeine use, and caffeine-related toxicity and dependence
were significantly and positively associated with all seven psychiatric and substance use
disorders. However, within MZ twin pairs, controlling for genetic and family environmental
factors, these associations, while positive, were all non-significant. These results were similar
when excluding twins who denied regular caffeine use. Conclusions. Maximal lifetime caffeine
intake and caffeine-associated toxicity and dependence are moderately associated with risk
for a wide range of psychiatric and substance use disorders. Analyses of these relationships
within MZ twin pairs suggest that most of the observed associations are not causal. Rather,
familial factors, which are probably in part genetic, predispose to both caffeine intake, toxicity
and dependence and the risk for a broad array of internalizing and externalizing disorders.
copyright 2006 Cambridge University Press.
ISSN 0033-2917
Publication Type Journal: Article
Journal Name Psychological Medicine
Volume 36
Issue Part 12
Page 1717-1725
Year of Publication 2006
Date of Publication Dec 2006
COMORBIDITY 2006 <481>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2006535775
Authors Buckner J.D. Mallott M.A. Schmidt N.B. Taylor J.
Institution
(Buckner, Mallott, Schmidt, Taylor) Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306,
United States.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
Peer influence and gender differences in problematic cannabis use among individuals
with social anxiety.
Source
Journal of Anxiety Disorders. 20(8)(pp 1087-1102), 2006. Date of Publication: 2006.
Abstract
Despite epidemiological reports indicating that individuals with social anxiety disorder (SAD)
are at heightened risk for cannabis use disorders (CUD), there is a dearth of research
investigating the mechanisms underlying the nature of this co-occurrence. The present study
examined the role of a well-established risk factor for cannabis use, peer influence, on the
relationship between symptoms of SAD and CUD in a non-referred sample (N = 123).
Lifetime symptoms of SAD and CUD were assessed using a structured diagnostic interview.
SAD symptoms were significantly correlated with CUD symptoms and this relationship was
moderated by peer use of both alcohol and cannabis. Further, a gender effect indicated that
the relationship between symptoms of SAD and CUD occurred only in women. Implications of
these novel findings are discussed. copyright 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
ISSN 0887-6185
Publication Type Journal: Article
Journal Name Journal of Anxiety Disorders
Volume 20
Issue Part 8
Page 1087-1102
Year of Publication 2006
Date of Publication 2006
COMORBIDITY 2006 <483>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2006533337
Authors Earleywine M.
Institution
(Earleywine) University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, United States.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
Schizotypy, marijuana, and differential item functioning.
Source
Human Psychopharmacology. 21(7)(pp 455-461), 2006. Date of Publication: Oct 2006.
Abstract
At least five studies report elevated schizotypy scores in cannabis users. The current
research confirms higher schizotypy scores in regular cannabis users. Nevertheless, further
analyses reveal that select items on the brief version of the Schizotypal Personality
Questionnaire do not function comparably in current and former users. Multiple statistical
approaches confirmed this problem, including the Mantel-Haenszel statistic, Rasch difficulty
estimates, a logistic regression approach, the Breslow-Day (BD) statistic, and a combined
decision rule using Mantel-Haenszel and BD together. Cannabis users appear to misinterpret
at least one item, "I sometimes use words in unusual ways" making them more likely to
endorse it even if they are no more schizotypal than the former users. Users might consider
cannabis-related slang as an unusual use of words. Removing problematic items does not
decrease the internal consistency of the measure, but eliminates the significant difference
between current and former users. These results suggest that links between cannabis use
and schizotypy require cautious interpretation and may arise from measurement problems.
Copyright copyright 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
ISSN 0885-6222
Publication Type Journal: Article
Journal Name Human Psychopharmacology
Volume 21
Issue Part 7
Page 455-461
Year of Publication 2006
Date of Publication Oct 2006
COMORBIDITY 2006 <504>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2006501824
Authors Johnson S.D. Striley C. Cottler L.B.
Institution
(Johnson) University of Missouri-St. Louis, School of Social Work, One University Blvd. St. Louis, MO 63121, United
States.
(Striley, Cottler) Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, 40 N. Kingshighway, Suite 4,
St. Louis, MO 63108, United States.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
The association of substance use disorders with trauma exposure and PTSD among
African American drug users.
Source
Addictive Behaviors. 31(11)(pp 2063-2073), 2006. Date of Publication: Nov 2006.
Abstract
This study examines the association of traumatic exposure, PTSD and substance use
among 1098 out-of-treatment African American drug users. Over 40% of the respondents
experienced a DSM-III-R qualifying traumatic event with 44% of those developing PTSD.
Early onsets of marijuana and heroin use, alcohol dependence and opiate dependence were
each associated with exposure to a traumatic event for males and early onset alcohol use and
alcohol dependence were associated with females' exposure to a traumatic event. Alcohol
dependence and depression disorder were co morbid with PTSD in men, while the early
onset of alcohol and alcohol dependence were associated with PTSD in women. In the 16%
of the sample who reported trauma exposure and poly-substance use, the trauma occurred
after the onset of all substance use, with the exception of crack cocaine use. Implications for
multifaceted treatment which addresses multiple psychopathologies, PTSD, and risk for
exposure are discussed. copyright 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
ISSN 0306-4603
Publication Type Journal: Article
Journal Name Addictive Behaviors
Volume 31
Issue Part 11
Page 2063-2073
Year of Publication 2006
Date of Publication Nov 2006
COMORBIDITY 2006 <514>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2006492267
Authors Afuwape S.A. Johnson S. Craig T.J.K. Miles H. Leese M. Mohan R. Thornicroft G.
Institution
(Afuwape, Craig, Leese, Mohan, Thornicroft) Health Services Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Kings
College London,
(Johnson) Department of Mental Health Sciences, Royal Free and University College Medical School, University
College London,
(Miles) Dennis Hill Unit, Bethlem Royal Hospital, Beckenham, Kent, United Kingdom.
(Afuwape) Health Services Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Kings College London, De Crespigny
Park, London SE5 8AF, United Kingdom.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
Ethnic differences among a community cohort of individuals with dual diagnosis in
South London.
Source
Journal of Mental Health. 15(5)(pp 551-567), 2006. Date of Publication: 01 Oct 2006.
Abstract
Background: Little is known about the characteristics of individuals from Black minority
ethnic groups in the UK with psychosis and co-occurring substance misuse. Aim: To examine
and compare with a White group the characteristics of a community cohort of dually
diagnosed individuals from Black minority ethnic groups. Method: People with psychosis and
comorbid substance misuse (dual diagnosis) were identified through structured ratings by
case managers. Data regarding their social and clinical characteristics were collected from
staff and clients. Results: According to case managers, Black British-born individuals were
more likely to misuse cannabis than the White group and to have been compulsorily
hospitalized or reportedly involved in violence over an 18 month period. Conclusion: Attention
should be paid in the development of dual diagnosis interventions to ethnic variations in
patterns of comorbid substance use. Declaration of interest: The study was funded by the
Maudsley NHS Trust. copyright Shadowfax Publishing and Informa UK Ltd.
ISSN 0963-8237
Publication Type Journal: Article
Journal Name Journal of Mental Health
Volume 15
Issue Part 5
Page 551-567
Year of Publication 2006
Date of Publication 01 Oct 2006
COMORBIDITY 2006 <538>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2006462642
Authors Hesse M.
Institution
(Hesse) Center for Alcohol and Drug Research, Aarhus University, Kobmagergade 26E, 1150 Copenhagen C,
Denmark.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
The Beck Depression Inventory in patients undergoing opiate agonist maintenance
treatment.
Source
British Journal of Clinical Psychology. 45(3)(pp 417-425), 2006. Date of Publication: Sep
2006.
Abstract
Background and objectives. The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) is a widely used measure
of depression severity in both research and clinical contexts. This study aimed at assessing
its stability and associations with ongoing drug use in a sample of patients in opiate agonist
maintenance treatment who were not abstinent from illicit drugs. Design and method. The
study was a prospective, naturalistic study. Subjects in enhanced or standard psychosocial
services along with opiate agonist maintenance treatment were administered the BDI and the
European Addiction Severity Index (EuropASI) twice by research technicians, approximately 2
weeks after intake and at 18 months follow-up. Findings. There were rather small mean
changes from intake to follow-up in the BDI, and mean-level stability in subjects was rather
high as evidenced by a high intra-class correlation between intake score and follow-up score.
The stability of the BDI was reduced at high levels of drug use severity at intake, and BDI was
a moderate predictor of drug use severity at follow-up. Conclusions. The BDI measures a
construct that is both stable and of predictive validity in a sample of non-abstinent opiate
agonist maintenance patients, although very severe drug use at baseline appeared to reduce
the stability of the BDI. copyright 2006 The British Psychological Society.
ISSN 0144-6657
Publication Type Journal: Article
Journal Name British Journal of Clinical Psychology
Volume 45
Issue Part 3
Page 417-425
Year of Publication 2006
Date of Publication Sep 2006
COMORBIDITY 2006 <551>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2006445337
Authors Vinod K.Y. Hungund B.L.
Institution
(Vinod, Hungund) Division of Analytical Psychopharmacology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, NY 10032,
United States.
(Vinod, Hungund) Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY 10962, United States.
(Hungund) Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, NY 10032, United
States.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
Role of the endocannabinoid system in depression and suicide.
Source
Trends in Pharmacological Sciences. 27(10)(pp 539-545), 2006. Date of Publication: Oct
2006.
Abstract
Depression is one of the most prevalent forms of neuropsychiatric disorder and is a major
cause of suicide worldwide. The prefrontal cortex is a crucial brain region that is thought to be
involved in the regulation of mood, aggression and/or impulsivity and decision making, which
are altered in suicidality. Evidence of the role of the endocannabinoid (EC) system in the
neurobiology of neuropsychiatric disorders is beginning to emerge. The behavioral effects of
ECs are believed to be mediated through the central cannabinoid CB<sub>1</sub> receptor.
Alterations in the levels of ECs, and in the density and coupling efficacy of CB<sub>1</sub>
receptors, have been reported in the prefrontal cortex of depressed and alcoholic suicide
victims. These findings support our hypothesis that altered EC function contributes to the
pathophysiological aspects of suicidal behavior. Here, we provide a brief overview of the role
of the EC system in alcoholism, depression and suicide, and discuss possible therapeutic
interventions and directions for future research. copyright 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights
reserved.
ISSN 0165-6147
Publication Type Journal: Review
Journal Name Trends in Pharmacological Sciences
Volume 27
Issue Part 10
Page 539-545
Year of Publication 2006
Date of Publication Oct 2006
COMORBIDITY 2006 <553>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2006444735
Authors Harned M.S. Najavits L.M. Weiss R.D.
Institution
(Harned) Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States.
(Najavits) Trauma Research Program, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, United States.
(Najavits, Weiss) Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.
(Najavits) National Center for PTSD, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, United States.
(Weiss) Alcohol and Drug Abuse Treatment Program, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, United States.
(Harned) Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Box 351525, Seattle, WA 98195-5125, United
States.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
Self-harm and suicidal behavior in women with comorbid PTSD and substance
dependence.
Source
American Journal on Addictions. 15(5)(pp 392-395), 2006. Date of Publication: 01 Oct 2006.
Abstract
This study examined the frequency, methods, and correlates of self-harm and suicidal
behavior in 65 outpatient women with comorbid posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and
substance dependence (SD). Results showed high rates of suicide attempts, self-harm,
suicidal ideation, and self-harm ideation for the prior three months. The most common
methods were overdosing and cutting/scratching. Both PTSD and SD were perceived as
contributing to self-harm and suicidal behavior. Women who had and had not engaged in
such behavior differed in SD diagnoses and reasons for staying safe, but not in the number or
type of traumatic experiences, age at first trauma, or substance abuse diagnoses. Copyright
copyright American Academy of Addiction Psychiatry.
ISSN 1055-0496
Publication Type Journal: Article
Journal Name American Journal on Addictions
Volume 15
Issue Part 5
Page 392-395
Year of Publication 2006
Date of Publication 01 Oct 2006
COMORBIDITY 2006 <557>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2006444731
Authors Leventhal A.M. Mooney M.E. DeLaune K.A. Schmitz J.M.
Institution
(Leventhal) Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204-5022, United States.
(Mooney, DeLaune, Schmitz) Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas-Houston,
Houston, TX, United States.
(Mooney) Tobacco Use Research Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
Using addiction severity profiles to differentiate cocaine-dependent patients with and
without comorbid major depression.
Source
American Journal on Addictions. 15(5)(pp 362-369), 2006. Date of Publication: 01 Oct 2006.
Abstract
This study compared pretreatment addiction severity profiles of 339 abusers in three
diagnostic groups: cocaine dependence only (CO), cocaine dependence with substanceinduced major depression (SIMD), and cocaine dependence with independent major
depression (IMD). Depressed subjects reported more severe problems than non-depressed
subjects across numerous domains, regardless of diagnostic etiology. These findings support
the need for specialized treatment approaches targeting depressive symptoms or life stress
for cocaine-dependent patients with IMD or SIMD, though patients with IMD may require
additional attention for chronic and comorbid psychiatric and medical problems. Copyright
copyright American Academy of Addiction Psychiatry.
ISSN 1055-0496
Publication Type Journal: Article
Journal Name American Journal on Addictions
Volume 15
Issue Part 5
Page 362-369
Year of Publication 2006
Date of Publication 01 Oct 2006
COMORBIDITY 2006 <559>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2006444729
Authors Westermeyer J.
Institution
(Westermeyer) Department of Psychiatry, Minneapolis VAMC, Minneapolis, MN, United States.
(Westermeyer) Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States.
(Westermeyer) Minneapolis VAMC, Department of Psychiatry, 1 Veterans Drive, Minneapolis, MN 55417, United
States.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
Comorbid schizophrenia and substance abuse: A review of epidemiology and course.
Source
American Journal on Addictions. 15(5)(pp 345-355), 2006. Date of Publication: 01 Oct 2006.
Abstract
Over the last dozen years, our knowledge regarding comorbid schizophrenia (SCZ) and
substance use disorder (SUD) has evolved in several ways. First, the rate of lifetime comorbid
SCZ-SUD appears to have increased another 20-30%, so now about 70-80% of persons with
SCZ have lifetime SUD. Second, early remission of SUD has become commonplace among
patients with SCZ, perhaps outnumbering the number of SCZ-only patients as well as those
with active SCZ-SUD. Third, sustained SUD remission is well demonstrated, though the rates
may yet be low. Fourth, research on comorbid SCZ-SUD is filling out our knowledge in many
areas, including the characteristics of SCZ patients at risk for SUD, reasons SCZ patients
seek out substances, effects of various substances on SCZ course and symptoms, and
obstacles to SUD recovery in people with SCZ. The influence of SUD treatment and self-help
on epidemiology and course has not been adequately evaluated. Primary prevention and
early treatment of SUD in SCZ patients are still relatively neglected, though they offer our
greatest hope for enhancing the lives of people with SCZ and improving the cost efficacy of
care. Copyright copyright American Academy of Addiction Psychiatry.
ISSN 1055-0496
Publication Type Journal: Review
Journal Name American Journal on Addictions
Volume 15
Issue Part 5
Page 345-355
Year of Publication 2006
Date of Publication 01 Oct 2006
COMORBIDITY 2006 <560>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2006444728
Authors McFall M. Atkins D.C. Yoshimoto D. Thompson C.E. Kanter E. Malte C.A. Saxon A.J.
Institution
(McFall, Yoshimoto, Thompson, Kanter) Northwest Network Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center,
Seattle, WA, United States.
(McFall, Atkins, Thompson, Kanter, Saxon) Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of
Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, United States.
(Malte, Saxon) Center of Excellence in Substance Abuse Treatment and Education, Seattle, WA, United States.
(McFall) VA Puget Sound Health Care System, PTSD Programs (S-116 MHC), 1660 S. Columbian Way, Seattle,
WA 98108, United States.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
Integrating tobacco cessation treatment into mental health care for patients with
posttraumatic stress disorder.
Source
American Journal on Addictions. 15(5)(pp 336-344), 2006. Date of Publication: 01 Oct 2006.
Abstract
The integration of tobacco cessation treatment into mental health care for posttraumatic
stress disorder (PTSD), known as Integrated Care (IC), was evaluated in an uncontrolled
feasibility and effectiveness study. Veterans (N = 107) in PTSD treatment at two outpatient
clinics received IC delivered by mental health practitioners. Outcomes were seven-day point
prevalence abstinence measured at two, four, six, and nine months post-enrollment and
repeated seven-day point prevalence abstinence (RPPA) obtained across three consecutive
assessment intervals (four, six, and nine months). Abstinence rates at the four assessment
intervals were 28%, 23%, 25%, and 18%, respectively, and RPPA was 15%. The number of
IC sessions and a previous quit history greater than six months predicted RPPA. Stopping
smoking was not associated with worsening PTSD or depression. Copyright copyright
American Academy of Addiction Psychiatry.
ISSN 1055-0496
Publication Type Journal: Article
Journal Name American Journal on Addictions
Volume 15
Issue Part 5
Page 336-344
Year of Publication 2006
Date of Publication 01 Oct 2006
COMORBIDITY 2006 <572>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2006439221
Authors Boydell J. Van Os J. Caspi A. Kennedy N. Giouroukou P. Fearon P. Farrell M. Murray R.M.
Institution
(Boydell, Van Os, Caspi, Kennedy, Giouroukou, Fearon, Farrell, Murray) Division of Psychological Medicine,
Institute of Psychiatry, De Crespigny Park, Denmark Hill, London SE5 8AF, United Kingdom.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
Trends in cannabis use prior to first presentation with schizophrenia, in South-East
London between 1965 and 1999.
Source
Psychological Medicine. 36(10)(pp 1441-1446), 2006. Date of Publication: Oct 2006.
Abstract
Background. There is evidence that cannabis use might be relevant to the aetiology of
schizophrenia. We aimed to measure any change in cannabis use over time in those first
presenting with schizophrenia in South-East London from 1965 to 1999, and compare this
with change in use in those presenting with non-psychotic psychiatric disorders. Method. The
rate of cannabis use in the year prior to first ever presentation was measured over seven time
periods. Logistic regression modelling was used to determine (a) whether cannabis use
changed over time, after controlling for age, sex and ethnicity, and (b) whether there was an
interaction between diagnosis and time. Results. Cannabis use increased over time in both
the schizophrenia group [odds ratio per time period (OR) 2.03, 95% confidence interval (CI)
1.74-2.38, p < 0.0001]; and the non-psychotic disorders group (OR 1.24, 95% CI 1.05-1.47, p
= 0.012), after controlling for age, sex and ethnicity. However, the effect of time was
significantly greater in the schizophrenia group than in the non-schizophrenia group
(chi<sup>2</sup>=17, p < 0.0001). Conclusion. Cannabis use in the year prior to
presentation with schizophrenia increased markedly between 1965 and 1999, and
disproportionately so compared to increase in cannabis use in other psychiatric disorders.
copyright 2006 Cambridge University Press.
ISSN 0033-2917
Publication Type Journal: Article
Journal Name Psychological Medicine
Volume 36
Issue Part 10
Page 1441-1446
Year of Publication 2006
Date of Publication Oct 2006
COMORBIDITY 2006 <578>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2006432062
Authors Harder V.S. Morral A.R. Arkes J.
Institution
(Harder) Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore,
MD, United States.
(Harder, Morral, Arkes) RAND Corporation, Arlington, VA, United States.
(Harder, Morral, Arkes) RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, CA, United States.
(Harder) Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, 624 N.
Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
Marijuana use and depression among adults: Testing for causal associations.
Source
Addiction. 101(10)(pp 1463-1472), 2006. Date of Publication: Oct 2006.
Abstract
Aim: To determine whether marijuana use predicts later development of depression after
accounting for differences between users and non-users of marijuana. Design: An ongoing
longitudinal survey of 12 686 men and women beginning in 1979. Setting: The National
Longitudinal Survey of Youth of 1979, a nationally representative sample from the United
States. Participants: A total of 8759 adults (age range 29-37 years) interviewed in 1994 had
complete data on past-year marijuana use and current depression. Measurements: Selfreported past-year marijuana use was tested as an independent predictor of later adult
depression using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies - Depression questionnaire.
Individual's propensity to use marijuana was calculated using over 50 baseline covariates.
Findings: Before adjusting for group differences, the odds of current depression among pastyear marijuana users is 1.4 times higher (95% CI: 1.1, 1.9) than the odds of depression
among the non-using comparison group. After adjustment, the odds of current depression
among past-year marijuana users is only 1.1 times higher than the comparison group (95%
CI: 0.8, 1.7). Similarly, adjustment eliminates significant associations between marijuana use
and depression in four additional analyses: heavy marijuana use as the risk factor, stratifying
by either gender or age, and using a 4-year lag-time between marijuana use and depression.
Conclusions: After adjusting for differences in baseline risk factors of marijuana use and
depression, past-year marijuana use does not significantly predict later development of
depression. These findings are discussed in terms of their relevance for understanding
possible causal effects of marijuana use on depression. copyright 2006 The Authors.
ISSN 0965-2140
Publication Type Journal: Article
Journal Name Addiction
Volume 101
Issue Part 10
Page 1463-1472
Year of Publication 2006
Date of Publication Oct 2006
COMORBIDITY 2006 <597>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2006390722
Authors Zvolensky M.J. Bernstein A. Marshall E.C. Feldner M.T.
Institution
(Zvolensky) Department of Psychology, University of Vermont, 2 Colchester Avenue, Burlington, VT 05405-0134,
United States.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
Panic attacks, panic disorder, and agoraphobia: Associations with substance use,
abuse, and dependence.
Source
Current Psychiatry Reports. 8(4)(pp 279-285), 2006. Date of Publication: Aug 2006.
Abstract
Anxiety and substance use disorders frequently co-occur. Despite the clinical importance of
this co-occurrence, theory and research addressing the relations between anxiety-substance
use disorder comorbidity remain limited. The present commentary is intended to briefly review
and summarize key aspects of this literature, with a specific focus on panic-spectrum
psychopathology (panic attacks, panic disorder, and agoraphobia) and its associations with
tobacco, alcohol, and marijuana use, abuse, and dependence. A heuristic theoretical model
for better understanding the panic-substance use relations also is offered. Extant data
suggest clinically meaningful bidirectional associations are evident between panic problems
and premorbid risk factors for such problems and various forms of tobacco, alcohol, and
marijuana use. Key clinical implications and future directions are outlined based upon the
review. Copyright copyright 2006 by Current Science Inc.
ISSN 1523-3812
Publication Type Journal: Review
Journal Name Current Psychiatry Reports
Volume 8
Issue Part 4
Page 279-285
Year of Publication 2006
Date of Publication Aug 2006
COMORBIDITY 2006 <598>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2006388337
Authors Austin J.C. Peay H.L.
Institution
(Austin) Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver General Hospital Research Pavillion,
211-828 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L8, Canada.
(Austin) Early Psychosis Intervention Program, Peace Arch Hospital, White Rock, BC, Canada.
(Peay) Social and Behavioral Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, MD,
United States.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
Applications and limitations of empiric data in provision of recurrence risks for
schizophrenia: A practical review for healthcare professionals providing clinical
psychiatric genetics consultations.
Source
Clinical Genetics. 70(3)(pp 177-187), 2006. Date of Publication: Sep 2006.
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a common disorder that may frequently be encountered when taking family
histories in the genetics clinic, whether or not the referral is for a psychiatric indication. Like in
other common disorders, the provision of recurrence risks for schizophrenia is a complex
clinical issue because empiric recurrence risks (while reasonably well established) can rarely
be used without individual tailoring. This review seeks to identify and detail some pertinent
issues surrounding the clinical utility of empiric recurrence risks for schizophrenia, and to
provide an overview of important factors to consider when tailoring empiric risks for individual
patients. copyright 2006 Blackwell Munksgaard.
ISSN 0009-9163
Publication Type Journal: Review
Journal Name Clinical Genetics
Volume 70
Issue Part 3
Page 177-187
Year of Publication 2006
Date of Publication Sep 2006
COMORBIDITY (A) 2006 <599>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2006385450
Authors Mannucci C. Tedesco M. Bellomo M. Caputi A.P. Calapai G.
Institution
(Mannucci, Tedesco, Caputi, Calapai) Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Pharmacology,
Section of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 98124 Messina, Italy.
(Bellomo) Department of Biochemical, Physiological and Nutritional Sciences, School of Medicine of Messina, Italy.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
Long-term effects of nicotine on the forced swimming test in mice: An experimental
model for the study of depression caused by smoke.
Source
Neurochemistry International. 49(5)(pp 481-486), 2006. Date of Publication: Oct 2006.
Abstract
Large evidence showing an association between depression and tobacco smoking is known.
Nicotine is the active chemical responsible for smoking addiction, and its withdrawal may
induce in smokers greater sensitivity to stress. Our aim has been to investigate the links
between tobacco addiction and depression by studying the long-term effects of repeated
administration of nicotine followed by dependence, to forced swimming test, serotonin content
and 5-HT<sub>1A</sub> expression in diencephalon. Dependence has been induced by
daily subcutaneous injection in mice of nicotine (2 mg/kg four injections daily) for 15 days and
assessed after nicotine withdrawal with an abstinence scale; control animals received daily
subcutaneous injection of saline for the same period. Experiments on forced swimming test
have been carried out at t = 0 (last day of nicotine or saline treatment), and 15, 30, 45 and 60
days after saline or nicotine withdrawal. Both control mice and nicotine mice have been pretreated with oral 5-hydroxy-tryptophan (12.5-50 mg/kg), precursor of serotonin, before forced
swimming test. Nicotine mice have shown on forced swimming test a significant increase of
immobility time compared to control mice. This increase was not evident in nicotine mice
treated with 5-hydroxy-tryptophan and treatment with the selective serotonin receptorial
antagonist WAY 100635 (WAY) abolished 5-hydroxy-tryptophan effects. Evaluation of
diencephalic serotonin, performed at t = 0 showed an increase of diencephalic serotonin
content, while serotonin measured 15, 30, 45 and 60 days after nicotine withdrawal, was
significantly reduced in nicotine mice compared to control mice. Western blot analysis showed
a great reduction of 5-HT<sub>1A</sub> receptor expression in nicotine mice measured at t
= 0 (last day of treatment) and at 15 and 30 days after nicotine withdrawal compared to
control mice. Our results show that (i) behavioural alterations estimated with forced swimming
test and (ii) changes in diencephalic serotonin content and 5-HT<sub>1A</sub> receptor
expression, are present since nicotine is withdrawn even after a long time, suggesting a role
of serotonin in mood disorders eventually occurring following smoking cessation. copyright
2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
ISSN 0197-0186
Publication Type Journal: Article
Journal Name Neurochemistry International
Volume 49
Issue Part 5
Page 481-486
Year of Publication 2006
Date of Publication Oct 2006
COMORBIDITY 2006 <613>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2006382398
Authors Escobar J.I. Vega W.A.
Institution
(Escobar, Vega) Department of Psychiatry, University of Medicine and Dentistry, Robert Wood Johnson Medical
School, Piscataway, NJ, United States.
(Escobar) Department of Psychiatry, University of Medicine and Dentistry, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School,
675 Hoes Lane, Piscataway, NJ 08854-5635, United States.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
Cultural issues and psychiatric diagnosis: Providing a general background for
considering substance use diagnoses.
Source
Addiction. 101(SUPPL. 1)(pp 40-47), 2006. Date of Publication: Sep 2006.
Abstract
Aims: To establish a general context on the topic of cross-cultural diagnosis and suggest
how it can be applied to substance use disorders. Methods: Critical reviews of the literature
on psychiatric diagnosis, cross-cultural issues and the concept of ethnicity were conducted to
provide a framework for making specific recommendations for substance use diagnoses.
Results: Cross-cultural diagnosis remains in a state of flux. Key questions on ethnicity and
psychopathology have not yet been fully answered by existing research. The broad use of the
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders (DSM) system world-wide requires a
careful look at its cross-cultural applicability. Conclusion: For DSM-V, cultural/ethnic issues
have to be clearly defined in clear terms that lend themselves to operational definitions.
Recommendations should be research-based and testable. Meaningful cultural annotations
and a glossary of cultural terms that are applicable in daily clinical practice and not limited to
less frequently encountered syndromes (culture-bound) would be highly desirable. copyright
2006 American Psychiatric Association.
ISSN 0965-2140
Publication Type Journal: Review
Journal Name Addiction
Volume 101
Issue Part SUPPL. 1
Page 40-47
Year of Publication 2006
Date of Publication Sep 2006
GAMBLING / COMORBIDITY 2006 <618>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2006373752
Authors Hodgins D. Mansley C. Thygesen K.
Institution
(Hodgins, Mansley, Thygesen) Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta., Canada.
(Hodgins) Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alta. T2N 1N4,
Canada.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
Risk factors for suicide ideation and attempts among pathological gamblers.
Source
American Journal on Addictions. 15(4)(pp 303-310), 2006. Date of Publication: 01 Aug
2006.
Abstract
The link between pathological gambling and suicide is poorly understood. The current study
has two major goals: to provide descriptive information about suicide ideation and attempts
among pathological gamblers trying to quit, and to identify predictors of suicidal ideation and
attempts, with a particular emphasis on mood and substance use disorders. A community
sample of 101 individuals with gambling problems who had made a recent quit attempt was
assessed using structured instruments. Of these, 28.7% reported no history of suicide
ideation or attempts, 38.6% reported having only thoughts of suicide, and 32.7% reported a
suicide attempt. Ideation predated the onset of gambling problems by an average of greater
than ten years. History of ideation was increasingly likely with a greater severity of gambling
problem as determined by DSM criteria. Those experiencing ideation were also more likely to
over gamble on gambling days and five times more likely to have a history of depression.
Substance abuse history was the only factor that distinguished between individuals who had a
history of suicide attempts versus ideation only. Having a drug history was related to a more
than six times greater likelihood of having made a suicide attempt. Gambling-related suicide
attempts were relatively rare - 21.2% of attempters, or 7% of the total sample. These findings
are consistent with the common factor model of etiology in which the suicidality of gambling is
related to prior mental health disorders. More research on the relationship between alcohol
and other drug disorders and their complex relationship to pathological gambling and suicide
is crucial. Copyright copyright American Academy of Addiction Psychiatry.
ISSN 1055-0496
Publication Type Journal: Article
Journal Name American Journal on Addictions
Volume 15
Issue Part 4
Page 303-310
Year of Publication 2006
Date of Publication 01 Aug 2006
COMORBIDITY 2006 <620>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2006373750
Authors Agosti V. Levin F.
Institution
(Agosti) New York State Psychiatric Institute, Depression Evaluation Service, New York, NY, United States.
(Levin) Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States.
(Agosti) New York State Psychiatric Institute, Box 51, 1051 Riverside Drive, New York, NY 10032, United States.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
One-year follow-up study of suicide attempters treated for drug dependence.
Source
American Journal on Addictions. 15(4)(pp 293-296), 2006. Date of Publication: 01 Aug
2006.
Abstract
A large proportion of patients treated for substance dependencies have attempted suicide.
Scarce empirical evidence exists regarding their prognosis. Data from the Drug Abuse
Treatment Outcome Survey were analyzed to determine the course of depression and
substance dependence of 416 suicide attempters one year after discharge. The likelihood of
recovery from drug dependence did not differ between patients who did or did not attempt
suicide. Among suicide attempters who recovered from substance dependence, the
frequency of Major Depression Disorder was significantly lower compared to admission, but
its prevalence was nearly three times higher than that found in the general community.
Copyright copyright American Academy of Addiction Psychiatry.
ISSN 1055-0496
Publication Type Journal: Article
Journal Name American Journal on Addictions
Volume 15
Issue Part 4
Page 293-296
Year of Publication 2006
Date of Publication 01 Aug 2006
COMORBIDITY 2006 <622>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2006373748
Authors Davis L. Frazier E. Husain M. Warden D. Trivedi M. Fava M. Cassano P. McGrath P. Balasubramani G.K.
Wisniewski S. Rush A.J.
Institution
(Davis) VA Medical Center, Tuscaloosa, AL, United States.
(Davis, Frazier) University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States.
(Husain, Warden, Trivedi, Rush) University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX, United
States.
(Fava, Cassano) Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.
(McGrath) Columbia University, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, United States.
(Balasubramani, Wisniewski) University of Pittsburgh, Epidemiology Data Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.
(Davis) VA Medical Center (151), 3701 Loop Road East, Tuscaloosa, AL 35404, United States.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
Substance use disorder comorbidity in major depressive disorder: A confirmatory
analysis of the STAR*D cohort.
Source
American Journal on Addictions. 15(4)(pp 278-285), 2006. Date of Publication: 01 Aug
2006.
Abstract
The demographics and clinical features were compared between those with (29.4%) and
without concurrent substance use disorder (SUD) in 2541 outpatients with major depression
(MDD) enrolled in the Sequenced Treatment Alternatives to Relieve Depression study.
Compared to those without SUD, MDD patients with concurrent SUD were more likely to be
younger, male, divorced or never married, and at greater current suicide risk, and have an
earlier age of onset of depression, greater depressive symptomatology, more previous suicide
attempts, more frequent concurrent anxiety disorders, and greater functional impairment (p =
0.048 to < 0.0001). They were also less likely to be Hispanic and endorse general medical
comorbidities (p = 0.006 and 0.002, respectively). Copyright copyright American Academy of
Addiction Psychiatry.
ISSN 1055-0496
Publication Type Journal: Article
Journal Name American Journal on Addictions
Volume 15
Issue Part 4
Page 278-285
Year of Publication 2006
Date of Publication 01 Aug 2006