Download Read Chapter 16, Section 1: pages 353

Read Chapter 16, Section 1: pages 353-357
Blue Questions 1-7
Map and Graph Skills, p 354 questions 1-5
Section Review p357: 1-4
Alex Chen
Plummer/P1
March 25th, 2003
Blue Questions 1-7:
B1: In his inaugural address, Lincoln stated that he would not want to abolish slavery in
the states that have already allowed slavery, and that he would preserve the Union at all
costs, which were the two most important points. He also did not accept the secession of
the Southern states, and swore to carry out the federal law in all states.
B2: Lincoln handled the Fort Sumter crisis by sending a relief ship to the fort, and the
ship only contained supplies. He also notified the state of South Carolina that he was
sending the relief ship to Fort Sumter, but the relief ship was still taken as an act of war
by the Confederacy, He sent the relief ship because he thought that it was his duty as a
president to send a relief ship to federal property when a “foreign power” is attacking the
property, even though he thought that the relief could be taken as an “act of war.”
B3: Following the attack on Fort Sumter, Lincoln insisted that the war with the
Confederacy was caused by the Confederacy insurrecting against the Union, instead of a
war with another country. He called for 75,000 volunteers for the Union Army, and
ordered a blockade of Confederate ports almost immediately after the attack.
B4: Virginia was a very important state to the Confederacy, because it had a large
population and a decent economy, and also played host to several important generals,
such as Robert E. Lee, Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson, and Joseph E. Johnston. The state
also hosted other natural benefits to the Confederacy, such as control of several important
rivers as well as ideal defending terrain. It was no wonder that the Union army showed
great difficulty in capturing Richmond, and when it did, the majority of the Confederate
territory already had been captured by the Union.
B5: The Anaconda Plan was a plan proposed by the old, overweight general Winfield
Scott, who was the commander of the Union Army in 1861. The plan was named after the
anaconda, a snake that crushes its prey to death from all sides, and the plan called for a
three-fronted attack on the Confederacy. One part of the plan consisted of a Union
blockade of the Confederacy by the sea, and the blockade would stretch from Norfolk,
VA, all the way to the end of Texas. The second part of the plan consisted of Union
forces gaining control over the Mississippi River, cutting the Confederacy into two
halves, and denying an important river to the Confederacy. The Anaconda plan would
also involve a northward thrust towards the South afterwards, and the strangulation of the
South from at least three main sides. The North also was hoping that European nations
would not recognize the Confederacy as an independent nation, to prevent foreign aid
from reaching the Confederate states.
B6: The Union had numerous advantages over the South, being more of an industrialized
nation and having over twice the population of the South, even when slaves would be
included in the population figures for the South. The Union could raise larger armies and
produce more supplies than the South, and had most of the nation’s factories. The South
often could not produce enough supplies to meet the demands of the war, and clothing
and equipment was often taken from the dead. The North also had a better transportation
system, with more miles of railroads, and had a stronger Navy. The North also had a
better economy, and have more of nearly everything when compared to the South with
statistics, with the exception of agriculture-related things. Finally, the North had a more
experienced government, and had more stable internal affairs.
B7: The South lasted for as long as it did because it also hosted some advantages in the
Civil War. Without the advantages that the South had, it would have collapsed to the
Northern army within a few months o the start of the war. The South was planning on
fighting a defensive war, and the defensive side usually has an advantage over the
offensive side of the army, unless the offensive side laid a well-planned siege on the
defensive side, which was often very difficult to execute. In addition, the South had the
help of many experienced military leaders, who helped the South live as long as it did.
The Southern states also had more cordial relations with the European nations, and the
European nations did secretly hope that the Confederates would win the war, but they
sent no relief to the South whatsoever.
Map and Graph Skills, p 354 questions 1-5:
1: The states and territories under the control of the Union are indicated by the yellowgreen color on the map, while the states under Confederate control are indicated by the
orange color on the map.
2: There were 19 states in the Union at the beginning of the Civil War, but the Union
gained West Virginia when the state seceded from Virginia in 1863. The Union also
gained Nevada in 1864, so there were 21 states in the Union just before the end of the
Civil War. Meanwhile, the Confederacy had 11 states.
3: The Union obviously controlled more territory, although it is also important to note
that the Confederates did control some of the New Mexico territory. As the war passed
on, the Union gained control of more territory, while the South gained control of virtually
no territory.
4: Washington D.C is located between the Confederate state of Virginia and the Border
state of Maryland, along the Potomac River. Richmond is located in Southeastern
Virginia, and was the capital of the Confederacy, while Montgomery, the former capital
of the Confederacy, is located in South-Central Alabama.
5: Four border states: Missouri, Kentucky, Delaware, and Maryland are shown on the
map, and these states remained in the Union, even though they had still allowed slavery,
and had many Confederate sympathizers.
Section Review p357: 1-4:
1: The Civil War began at Fort Sumter, South Carolina, at the morning of April 12th,
1861.
2: When president Abraham Lincoln called for volunteers to fight in the Civil War after
the beginning of the war, the states of Arkansas, North Carolina, Tennessee, and Virginia
seceded from the Union.
3: The Border States allowed slavery and still remained in the Union. The Border States
consisted of the states of Missouri, Kentucky, Maryland, and Delaware.
4: The Confederacy hoped to receive aid from France and Great Britain, because they
believed that some European countries, with many imports based on cotton from the
South, would help aid the South against the North so that they could win their war and
continue producing cotton in large amounts for the European nations to import.