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Chapter 3, Section 4 Notes 1. Types of States Pg. 80 ( What is the purpose of a government? ) The purpose of government is to set up and enforce laws. A state is a region that shares a government. (Examples: Colorado, United States – nation state, nation, country) 2. Dependencies and Nation-States Pg. 81 ( What is the difference between the two? What is the smallest nationstate? Dependency is a state that is dependent on another state. Nation-State- Independent of any other state. (England, Chad, Vatican City) 3. How States Developed ( When did the first real states form? What is the difference between a citystate and an empire? ) 1. The first city-states formed in Southwest Asia over 5000 years ago. (City centered) 2. Empires are states containing several countries. (Rome, Persia, Ottomans) 3. After 1500, the first true nation-states began in Europe. (Germany, France, Spain) 4. Types of Government Pg. 82-83 ( Explain the different types of government: direct democracy, tribal rule, absolute monarchy, dictatorship, oligarchy, constitutional monarchy, and representative democracy. ) Direct Democracy – all adults take part in the decision making process. (Ancient Greece, modern town hall meetings) Tribal Rule – the chiefs or elders make the final decisions, based on their culture and beliefs. (Cherokee, local Iraq) Absolute Monarchy – most common type of government up to 200 years ago. Rule is inherited through birth right. (Saudi Arabia, Brunei, Oman, Qatar, Swaziland) Dictatorship – A single leader is in charge, position is seized through military force, power is passed on/ not through birth right. (Cuba, N. Korea) Oligarchy – Controlled by a small group of people. If not in the group, then no say. (China, Iran, Ancient Sparta) Constitutional Monarchy – Power of the king or queen is limited by an elected Congress or Parliament. King or Queen serves a ceremonial function. (England, Spain) Representative Democracy – Run by officials chosen by the people. People INDIRECTLY hold the power. Electing representatives to make decisions on their behalf. If unsatisfied, do not re-elect. (United States) 5. International Organizations Pg. 84 ( What are allies? Name an example and explain the following types of organizations: military organization, economic organization, peace organization, hunger organization, and rights and well-being of children organization. ) Allies- nations that work together. Military Organization- NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization). Mutual defense agreements. Economic Org.- EU (European Union). Promotes economic unity between members. Peace Org.- UN (United Nations). Resolves disputes and promotes peace. Hunger Org.- FAA (Food and Agriculture Org). Stop world hunger. Children Rights- UNICEF.