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Chapter 8 Study Guide
Chromosomes, Mitosis, and Meiosis Test
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Terms to Know:
Chromatin
Centrioles
Chromosome
Centromere
Chromatids
Spindle Fiber
Homologous chromosomes
Diploid vs Haploid
Mitosis
Binary Fission
Cytokenesis (plant vs animal)
Crossing Over
Meiosis
Tetrad
Gametes
Egg (ova)
Sperm
Zygote
Fertilization
Cell cycle = (Interphase = G1 + S + G2) + (Cell division = Mitosis + Cytokenesis) PIE CHART
Section 8-1 Chromosomes:
1. In the figure to the right, label the following terms:
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Homologous Chromosomes
Chromatids
Centromere
2. What is the figure to the right a picture of?
Karyotype
3. Which pairs are autosomes?
1-22
4. Which pairs are sex chromosomes?
23rd pair
5. Is it a male or a female? How do you know?
Male b/c 23rd pair is XY
Homologous chromosomes
Section 8-2 Mitosis:
1. Differentiate between the cell cycle and mitosis.
o Mitosis is one part of the cell cycle (see pie chart)
o Cell cycle consists of Interphase + Cell Division (Cell division = Mitosis +
cytokinesis)
2. Describe what happens in each of the following phases:
 Interphase
 G1 - Cell grows in size, carries out normal activities
 S - DNA gets copied (chromosomes replicate)
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 G2 - Prep for mitosis, other organelles get duplicated
Mitosis
 Prophase: chromosomes condense, centrioles begin to move to
opposite poles of cell, spindle fibers stretch across cell,
nucleolus and nuclear membrane disappear
 Metaphase: chromosomes(sister chromatids) lined up at middle
of cell (equator), attach to spindle fibers
 Anaphase: centromere divides, chromatids separate from each
other and individual chromosomes get pulled to opposite poles of
cell
 Telophase: chromosomes begin to uncoil, new nuclei begin to
form; cytokinesis begins
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Cytokinesis: cytoplasm divides (plant cell = cell plate, animal cell =
cleavage furrow)
3. If a parent cell has 100 chromosomes at the beginning of the cell cycle, what would
be produced at the end of the cell cycle?
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# of daughter cells? 2
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Are the cells identical or genetically different? Identical (this includes all
types of asexual reproduction: binary fission and budding)
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# of chromosomes in each daughter cell? 100
Section 8-3 Meiosis:
1. What is the purpose of meiosis? To make sex cells - gametes
2. How many divisions occur during meiosis? 2
3. List the main phases of meiosis I and II:
 Meiosis I
Prophase I
Metaphase I
Anaphase I
Telophase I
 Meiosis II
Prophase II
Metaphase II
Anaphase II
Telophase II
4. Crossing Over
 What is it?
When homologous chromosomes swap equal portions of DNA
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When does it occur?
Meiosis I (PI)
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Why is it important?
Combines genes from mother and father on one chromosome, leads to
greater genetic diversity.
5. What is a gamete? Sex cell
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Male gamete called a sperm
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Female gamete called an egg
6. How is oogenesis different from spermatogenesis?
Oogenesis creates one egg cell (& 3 polar bodies) while spermatogenesis creates
4 sperm
7. Is a gamete diploid or haploid? What does this mean?
Haploid – having one set of chromosomes (for humans n=23)
8. An organism’s body cell has 100 chromosomes.
 How many chromosomes will there be in this organism’s gametes? 50
 How many sperm cells will be produced at the end of meiosis? 4
 Egg cells? 1