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Into to Chemistry What is chemistry and how is it part of everyday life? What is matter and how does it interact? What is energy and how is it related to matter? What are the basic units of measurement in chemistry? Chem Equations and Reactions Write, balance and classify chemical reactions. Predict properties of elements based upon location on the periodic table. Be able to recognize compounds as ionic, molecular, acidic, basic, etc. Stoich 1. What is a mol and how is it used in chemistry? 2. What is molarity? 3. What is stoichiometry? 4. How do you determine the theoretical amount of products that should be made in a chemical reaction? 5. How do you determine the % yield of product in a chemical reaction? ThermoChem How do we define heat? (not temperature) & main unit What is a system, and what are the surroundings, and how these are needed to describe heat transfer? How is calorimetry used to determine heat? To describe heat transfer as exothermic or endothermic and calculate transfer using specific heat values Understand how to use a calorimeter and solve a heat transfer problem, using calorimetry and q1 = -q2 To calculate heat released/absorbed during a substance phase change Structure of the Atom What are protons, neutrons, and electrons? How did scientists build on the atomic theory to provide more detail of the atom? How is wavelength, frequency, and energy of waves determined? What are some common forms of electromagnetic radiation? Calculate wavelength, frequency, and energy of waves Describe a basic time line of the development of the atomic model State possible quantum number values for some lighter elements Write out basic electron configurations ad orbital diagrams of certain elements. Electron Configuration & the Periodic Table What s a period in the periodic table? What is a group in the periodic table? What are the names of certain families/groups? What are valence electrons? What are some trends predicted in the periodic table? write an electron configuration identify certain areas of the periodic table, eg transition metals, alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, halogens, noble gases, etc. define atomic radius, electronegativity, ionization energy, and electron affinity identify and explain periodic trends of above terms determine number of valence electrons in an atom predict certain properties of elements based on the location on the periodic table Chemical Bonding will recognize “cations” and “anions” in binary compounds. will draw Lewis structures for atoms. will relate Roman numerals on the periodic table to valence electrons and Lewis structures. will relate Lewis structures to auf bau notation. will relate valence electrons to oxidation number. will draw Lewis structures for ionic compounds. will draw Lewis structures for covalent compounds will recognize structures that are isoelectric. will describe the difference between single, double, and triple bonds. will recognize which elements are able to form double and triple bonds. will differentiate between ions with a noble gas configuration, a pseudonoble gas configuration and ions having neither. will draw Lewis structures for compounds that do not follow the octet rule. will describe a coordinate covalent or dative bond. Molecular Structure, Hybridization, and Orbitals How /why are hybrid orbitals formed? How do multiple bonds play in the shape of the molecule? How are lone pairs of electrons different/ the same in determining the molecular geometry? How do we determine if a bond is stable or not? How does bond order suggest if a bond is stable or not? To recognize or determine the shape of a molecule by studying the Lewis Dot Structure To determine the bond angles of a given molecular model To identify the hybrid orbitals present in a molecule, including multiple bonds Recognize the difference between bonding and anti-bonding molecular orbitals. Identify orbitals represented as σs, σp, πp, σs*, σp* πp* orbitals. Draw energy diagrams for diatomic molecules Calculate the bond order of a diatomic molecule Gases describe the physical make-up of gases. define gas pressure. convert gas pressures. Mm of Hg -> torr -> atm -> kPa describe the relationship expressed in Boyle’s Law describe the relationship expressed in Charles’s Law solve problems involving changes in pressure and volume. solve problems involving changes in temperature and pressure. solve problems involving changes in temperature pressure and volume define absolute zero. convert celsius -> kelvin describe the relationship expressed in Gay-Lussac’s Law and Avogadro’s law solve problems illustrating Gay-Lussac’s Law. write the ideal gas equation and define the terms. solve problems using the ideal gas equation. define STP. define molar volume of a gas. solve problems using the molar volume of a gas. describe Dalton’s Law of partial pressures. solve problems involving Dalton’s Law of partial pressures. describe the relationship expressed in Graham’s Law. solve problems involving Graham’s Law. describe Kinetic-molecular theory. Intermolecular Forces Learn the different types of intermolecular forces be able to determine the intermolecular forces when given a molecular structure learn the properties of different types of solid structures learn the properties of liquids interpret a basic phase diagram Solutions explain Henry’s Law. describe the effect of temperature on solubility. predict the solubilities of metal compounds using rules of solubility. calculate the % composition by mass of a solution. calculate molarity. calculate molality. calculate mol fraction. define colligative properties. solve boiling point elevation problems. memorize the molal boiling point elevation constant for water. solve freezing point depression problems. memorize the molal freezing point depression constant for water. Kinetics What are the factors that determine the speed of reaction? How do you describe the rate of a reaction using the collision theory? What is the difference between the Rate Law and Integrated Rate Law? What are the differences in the three rate orders (0, 1, 2) What are the mathematical equations for these orders? How do we determine a half life of a reaction? How do you describe activation energy Equilibrium to write out a mass action expression, and to calculate the equilibrium constant to calculate the final equilibrium concentrations using the MAE to predict a reaction shift whn a stress is applied to describe these reaction shifts on the molecular level Acides & Bases identify acids and bases when given the chemical formula identify bronsted acids and bases, and their conjugates write dissociation reactions of acids and bases identify Lewis acids calculate concentration in terms of molarity, molality, and normality Aqueous Equilibria Calculate pH, pOH, H+ and OH- of a weak acid or base when given the Ka or Kb perform a titration, and calculate the pH at certain points in the titration prepare an effective buffer for a specific pH identify which combination of chemicals would produce an effective buffer Be able to work with and ICE chart to determine concentrations KSP define Ksp and relate it to equilibrium write the mathematical expression for the Ksp for a saturated solution given concentrations in a saturated solution, Calculate the Ksp given the Ksp calculate concentrations in a saturated solution i.e. solubilities given concentrations and the Ksp, predict if precipitation will occur. Thermodynamics determine if a reaction/ physical change is exothermic or endothermic determine if a reaction/ physical change increases or decreases in disorder calculate changes in enthalpy and entropy using standard thermodynamic data use Gibb's free energy calculations to determine a reactions spontaneity Electrochemistry Sketch a basic galvanic cell, labeling all basic parts determine anode and cathodes based on cell potentials calculate cell potentials with cells of different concentrations electrolysis calculations Nuclear Chemistry distinguish between different types of nuclear decay "balance" a nuclear decay equation predict the stability of an isotope calculate the mass defect and energy produced state some effects of nuclear radiation exposure identify key components of a nuclear reactor