Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Name _______________________________ Date ___________________ Period ____________ Homework – Chapter 26 Section 6 – The War Ends Despite the desire for revenge against Japan for Pearl Harbor, the United States decided that Hitler's Germany must be defeated first. That United States had strong ties to countries already defeated by Germany. Also, Germany seem to be a greater threat to the Western Hemisphere then Japan did. Vocabulary The only way to defeat Germany was through an Allied invasion of Europe. The allies planned to hit Germany from the south through Italy and invade France from Britain. At the same time, the Soviet Union could move against the Germans from the east. Counterattack – two fight back following and attack What happened in the invasion of Italy? American, Canadian, and British troops invaded Italy in September 1943. They captured the island of Sicily first. As Mussolini lost the island, the Italian people, tired of war, Captured and executed him. The new, rabble Italian government soon surrendered to the Allied powers. Lease – the act of getting back at someone for some wrongdoing Atomic bomb – a bomb with great destructive powers Bunker – an underground shelter Cease – fire – a call for an end to fighting Determined to protect Germany's southern boundary, Hitler advanced toward Italy. The allies finally captured the city of Rome on June 4, 1944. At this time, however, the Germans occupied most of northern Italy. How did the Allies push the Germans back? The Nazis, who had known for some time that the United States was planning an invasion, prepared the coast of France. The beaches became deathtraps. The Nazis laid exploding mines in the water. They strung barbed wire all along the sandy shore. Gen. Dwight D Eisenhower, commander of the Allied armies, landed his troops on the beaches of Normandy, France, on June 6, 1944. This was known as D – day. It was a very tough battle. However, bye night, that Allies occupied about 80 miles of the French coast. They could begin to move towards Germany. By December 1944, the allies were confident that Germany's forces were trapped. But then, suddenly, the Germans counter attacked. That German army pushed through the Allied line. On a map of Europe, a large bulge represented Hitler's takeover of Allied territory. Led by General George Patton, the allies counterattack. That Germans were pushed back. The confrontation became known as the battle of the Bulge. It was the last offensive by the German army. What was the Yalta agreement? President Roosevelt was reelected for a fourth term in 1944. The strain of the war had taken its toll on him. He was able to cope with his polio, but the president had suffered from a number of other physical problems. There was hope that the war against Germany would end in early of 1945. Allied leaders met in February 1945 in Yalta, a small town on the Black Sea and the Soviet Union. Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin agreed on a plan to follow when Germany surrendered. The plan became known as the Yalta agreement The plan had several points. First, the Soviet Union agreed to enter the war against Japan. Second, Germany would be divided into four zones, each controlled by one of the allies. Third, the Soviet Union would hold Democratic collections in eastern European countries under its control. Fourth, a world organization called the United Nations would be created. The Yalta agreement seemed reasonable at the time. However, after the war ended, parts of the agreement cause political problems between the United States and the Soviet Union. How did the war end? Pres. Franklin Roosevelt died suddenly in April 1945. That nation was in shock. VP Harry S. Truman became president. On April 25, 1945, Adolf Hitler killed himself in a bunker in Berlin. A bunker is an underground shelter. Germany surrendered. The war in Europe was over. The United States began to control the advance of the Japanese military. The allies were led by American Army Gen. Douglas MacArthur and Naval Adm. Chester Nimitz. Japan lost Guadalcanal, the Philippines, Iwo Jima, and Okinawa. Despite the losses, the Japanese refused to surrender. The Allies began to plan and invasion of Japan. Why were atomic bombs dropped on Japan? Pres. Truman learned that the United States had developed (in a top secret project called The Manhattan Project) a new weapon called the atomic bomb, or the A–bomb. This bomb could end the war, but it would cost enormous loss of Japanese lives. Truman was advised that over 1 million American soldiers lives would be lost if Japan was invaded on land. Such an invasion would also kill countless Japanese people. In an effort to avoid using the atomic bomb, the president gave one last warning to Japan. Japan, however, refused to surrender. Truman decided that he must approve the use of the atomic bomb on Japan. On August 6, 1945, from a plane named Enola Gay, The atomic bomb was dropped on the city of Hiroshima. That weapon destroyed that major Japanese city and instantly killed or wounded 130,000 people. Three days later, a second atomic bomb was dropped on the city of Nagasaki, killing or wounding 75,000 people. On August 14, 1945, Japan asked for a cease – fire – they wanted to end the fighting. Gen. MacArthur accepted the formal surrender of Japan on September 2, 1945. World War II, the worst war in history, was finally over. Homework – Workbook 99 – The War Ends Directions - Put the following events in the correct order in which they came. I recommend you write the date next to each item as you read the section of the chapter. A. _________ . President Roosevelt died. B. _________ Allied leaders met in Yalta. C. _________ President Roosevelt was re-elected. D. _________ The United States dropped an atomic bomb on Nagasaki. E. _________ General MacArthur accepted the surrender of Japan. F. _________ The United States dropped an atomic bomb on Hiroshima. G. _________ President Truman gave a last warning to Japan. H. _________ Germany surrendered. I. _________ The Allies began an invasion of Japan. J. _________ The Soviet Union entered the war against Japan. ================================================================================== 1. 2. President Harry Truman decided to use the atomic bomb in World War II mainly to The United States justification for dropping atomic bombs on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki was that 1. satisfy Allied demands for a quick end to the war in Europe 2. gain valuable information for future peacetime use of atomic power 3. increase the prestige of the United States 4. bring an immediate end to the war 1. the bombs' destructive power might end the war quickly 2. Japan's military power was centered in these two cities 3. Japan had attacked major cities in other nations 4. Japan was on the verge of developing its own atomic weapons 3. Shortly after entering World War II, the United States began the Manhattan Project to 1. 2. 3. 4. work on the development of an atomic bomb increase economic production to meet wartime demands defend New York City against a nuclear attack recruit men for the military services