Download Lecture 13 Handout: Gastrointestinal System

Gastrointestinal System
I.
GI tract
a. _________________  _________________  ______________________ 
_________________  ____________ intestine  ____________ intestine
b. Esophagus
i. Moves food via ___________________ “Alternating _____________ of
_________________ & _____________________”
c. Stomach
i. Mixes __________ with gastric ____________  ________________
ii. __________________ sphincter= controls stomach _______________
iii. Stomach empties completely within ________________ after a meal
d. Small Intestine:
i. 3 areas
1. Duodunum: ____________ enzymes + _______________
2. Jejunum
3. Ileum
ii. Almost all _____________ water, vitamins and minerals are ______________
out of the small intestine
e. Large Intestine: AKA _________________
f.
Accessory organs
i. Liver
1. Produces: _____________________ (Color __________)
2. Function: _____________________ fats
ii. Gallbladder
1. Extra bile is _____________ in the gallbladder
2. Flows into ______________________ via _______ duct
iii. Pancreas: Secretes ____________________ for food digestion
II.
Nutrients
a. “Substances in food the are used by the body for ________________,
________________ and ________________”
i. _______________________
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1. Simple(________) ______________________________________
2. Complex (______) ______________________________________
3. Function: Convert into ______________________  ______ 
______________ for the cells
ii. _______________________
1. Composed of _________________________
2. Complete proteins: _____________________________________
3. Plant proteins: _________________________________________
4. Function:
a. Vital for body _________________ & ____________
b. ________________ & _________________ of tissue
iii. _______________________
iv. _______________________
v. _______________________
vi. _______________________
b. Metabolism: “Chemical __________________ that happen in the _______ in order to
_____________________________”
i. Catabolism: ____________________ down structures for _________”
1. ___________________
ii. Anabolism: ____________________ simpler molecules to ___________ more
complex structures
1. __________________
III.
Assessment
a. ______________&_________________
b. Auscultate _____________________
i. All _____________________
ii. Normal q ________________
c. Palpate Abdomen
IV.
Diagnostic Tests
a. Upper endoscopy
i. Exam_____________ , ___________, _____________and upper jejunum.
ii. Used to ID
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1. ____________________ difficulty
2. Gastric ______________
3. ____________
iii. Nursing Care
1. ___________________ 8 hours
2. Conscious _________________
3. Remove ___________________
4. Hold food until ___________& ________________reflex return
5. Warm saline _________________ or ______________ lozenges for
comfort
b. Colonoscopy
i. Visual examination of _______________________
ii. Used to
1. Screen for ___________________
2. Remove __________________
iii. Nursing Care
1. Bowel _____________________
2. Conscious ____________________
V.
N&V
a. Anorexia: Loss of ______________________
b. Nausea:__________________ , unpleasant sensation of sickness or __________
c. Vomiting: ____________________ expulsion of __________________ contents
d. Nursing Care
i. Self ____________________
ii. Hold _______________________
iii. Clear _______________________
iv. Dry ________________________
v. ____________________________
VI.
Inserting an NGT
a. ________________precaution
b. Position: ___________________
c. Measure: ______________________________________________________
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VII.
Enteral Feeding
a. Position
b. Check tube placement
i. _____________________________________________________
ii. _____________________________________________________
c. _______________aspirated contents
i. > __________mL GT
ii. > __________mL NGT
d. Flush: ____________________________________________
VIII.
Stomatitis: Inflammation of the _______________________
a. Nursing Care
i. __________________ care p/ eating
ii. Avoid _________________ based mouthwashes
iii. High ______________ & ______________diet
iv. ________________ , lukewarm or ___________________foods
v. ______________________________________meals
vi. Avoid ______________________ foods
IX.
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease
a. Defined:
i. ______________________movement of gastric content
ii. AKA: ___________________
b. S&S
i. ______________________
ii. ______________________
iii. ______________________
c. Nursing Care
i. Avoid __________________________________
ii. ____________________ up 6 inches
iii. Avoid ________________and ____________________
iv. _________________________ loss promotion
v. Avoid ______________________ foods
vi. Administer meds: _____________________-2 receptor blockers
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X.
Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD)
a. Break in the mucous ________________of the _______________or
______________where it comes in contact with ______________juice
b. S&S
i. ______________
1. Burning, aching, hunger-like
2. Relieved by _________________
3. ______________
ii. Elderly
1. __________________
c. Complications
i. Hemorrhage
1. __________________________
2. __________________________
3. ___________________________
4. __________________________
ii. Obstruction
1. __________________________
2. __________________________
iii. Perforation
1. ___________________________
2. __________________________
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