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USAF Role in Space • What does the USAF believe with respect to space? – “Space is not a sanctuary anymore.” (Secretary Wynne, Dec 2007) – “Space power operates differently from other forms of military power due to its global perspective, responsiveness, and persistence” (AFDD 2-2) • What does the USAF “do” for space? – – – – • • Version 18 Presents Space Forces to USSTRATCOM CCDR, and other CCDRs as required Collaborates on space mission and/or satellite payload operations w/USA & USN Serves as the Executive Agent for Space Develops, coordinates, and integrates plans and programs for space systems and the acquisition of DoD space Major Defense Acquisition Programs – Provides systems and forces for 4 space missions: Force Enhancement, Force Application, Space Control, and Space Support MAJCOM: Air Force Space Command: Title 10 R&Rs across 4 mission areas – Consists of Acquisition, Space Operations, and Nuclear Forces personnel USAF is not – The National Reconnaissance Office: designs, builds and operates the nation's reconnaissance satellites – Missile Defense Agency: To develop and field an integrated, layered, ballistic missile defense system to defend the United States, its deployed forces, allies, and friends against all ranges of enemy ballistic missiles in all phases of flight Fly – Fight – Win Space Missions • Version 18 Space Force Enhancement: Optimize effectiveness of combined/joint force • ISR, early warning, satellite communication, PNT, blue force tracking, space environment monitoring, and global weather services • Space-Based Infrared System-(High) • Defense Support Program • MILSATCOM – Defense Satellite Communication System – Phase III – Wideband Global SATCOM – MilStar – Advanced EHF • Global Positioning System • Defense Meteorological Space System • National Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System Fly – Fight – Win Space Missions • Space Force Application: Operations which hold terrestrial- • Space Control: Operations which Ensure/Deny freedom of based targets at risk – e.g., ICBM, Ballistic Missile Defense, and Force Projection – 3 MM III Missile Wings under the 20th AF action in space – Space Situational Awareness for all elements of National Security Space • Commercial, Consortium, National, Allied, Friendly, NASA, MDA • AFSSS, GEODSS, Missile Warning Sensors • Publish the Space Catalog(s) – Offensive Counterspace: Negation (D5 ops), Prevention • Counter Communications System – Defensive Counterspace: Protection • Protect Links and Data, not physical assets • Space Support: Operations which enable other space missions – E.g. Air Force Satellite Control Network (AFSCN), Launch Range Operations, Launch operations, etc. Version 18 Fly – Fight – Win Space Battle Mgmt Assets Version 18 LEO MEO Terrestrial RADAR Terrestrial Optical Space-based Optical Fly – Fight – Win GEO Timeliness Accuracy SATOPS CONOPS Relay Comm Satellites -DSCS III -GE Americom -Intelsat -Spacenet 4 -Orion 1 MILSATCOM DSP Shuttle GPS Commands, telemetry & mission data Commands, telemetry & mission data Comm Antenna Comm Antennas 2 Development & Test Facilities - RSC - CERES Launch Facilities -EVCF -COOK 2 Operational Control Nodes - Schriever AFB - Onizuka AFS Version 18 Users - 13 SOCs - 5 MCCs 2 Deployable Systems - TSTR - TVCF 8 Remote Tracking Stations (RTS) locations - Launch Support - TT&C and Mission data T1 Line to OAFS AF, NASA, NOAA, NATO, NRO, DoD Fly – Fight – Win Camp Parks Comm Annex - Radiometric Testing - On-orbit Calibration AFSCN Mission Data Comm POGO "J-2" GE Americom GE Americom SAFB GE-2 GE Americom DSCS Landstuhl, Germany DSCS REEF DSCS III: IO C&W INTELSAT 707 LION MCII Washington DC DSCS Ft Detrick, MD DSCS III W LANT F/O Submarine Cable COOK SAFB SOC SCSI SAFB DISA SUN EAST SAFB SCSI SPACENET 4 GE Americom DSCS III EASTPAC DISA Camp Roberts, CA GUAM DSCS III WESTPAC DISA/NCTS Finegayan HULA Commercial DISA SUN EAST SAFB DISA SUN EAST SAFB DSCS III EASTPAC DSCS III EASTPAC BOSS DoD DISA New Boston AS, NH PIKE F/O Cable Version 18 Fly – Fight – Win Prime Alt NCS/DISA Wahiawa, HI Prime Alt AFCYBER • • • • Version 18 What does the USAF believe with respect to cyberspace? – SC: Cyberspace is a domain like land/sea/air/space and must be defended – 21st Century airpower is not the sum but the product of air, space, and cyberspace superiority – While still contributing to traditional air and space control missions, can produce its own tactical, operational, and strategic effects AFCYBER Mission: – O/T/E Forces capable of Ensuring/Denying freedom of action in cyberspace – Cyber components of Global Vigilance, Global Power, Global Reach – Present Combat ready forces to CCDR USSTRATCOM trained and equipped to conduct sustained global operations in and through cyberspace, fully integrated with air and space operations Announced: Nov 2006 “Provisional” Stand Up: 17 Sep 07 – “Aim is to develop ultimately a major command that stands alongside Air Force Space Command and Air Combat Command” – HQ Temporarily located at Barksdale (8th Bomber Wing) – 10+ States considered for permanent HQ; Governors heavily involved – Envisioned to have/consolidate 1 NAF, 4 Wings, 6 Groups, 20 squadrons Fly – Fight – Win Space Back-Ups Version 18 Fly – Fight – Win DoD MILSATCOM Systems and Programs Version 18 Fly – Fight – Win Wideband Communications DSCS III AJ comm to long haul and tactical users worldwide 5 coverage areas X-band only, ~250 Mbps/sat 5 primary, 5 residual on orbit Raytheon GBS On UFO, one-way Ka-band, Ku Leased, Direct TV-like 3 coverage beams 3 PIPs, 2+TIPs Version 18 Wideband Global SATCOM (WGS) Focus on high capacity 19 coverage areas Crossband (X to/from Ka-band, new 2-way Ka) ~2.1 Gbps/Sat (10X DSCS) 6 satellites (SV-6 Partnered with Australia (TBD)) Successful 1st launch, 10 Oct 2007 Fly – Fight – Win Connectivity and Efficiency why do packet switching in space…. Internet Protocol (IP) Based (Packet Based) Circuit Based • Connectivity: point to point & multipoint • Connectivity: full mesh connectivity to all Global Information Grid users— connects anyone to everyone IP requires fewer COMM resources and provides greater flexibility Version 18 Fly – Fight – Win TSAT Capability Impacts 1994 Milstar I 2001 Milstar II 2009 AEHF 2018 TSAT EHF LDR EHF MDR EHF XDR EHF XDR+ 1.02 hr 5.7 sec 1.07 sec <1 sec 22.2 hr 2 min 24 sec <1 sec (120 Mbytes) 110 hr 12 min 2 min <1 sec Comm On The Move No Service No Service No Service 1,500 Links 1’ antenna 1.5 Mbps SATCOM Air Tasking Order 1.1 Mbytes Visible Image 8x10 image 24 Mbytes Radar Image Global Hawk Internet-like Connectivity Satisfying the Warfighter’s needs Version 18 Fly – Fight – Win