Download Globalisation and Glocalisation - Geog

Globalisation and Glocalisation
IB HL
Definition
• Globalisation: is defined as the growing
interdependence of countries worldwide
through the increasing volume and variety of
cross-border transactions in goods and
services and of international capital flows, and
through the rapid and widespread diffusion of
technology.
Definition
• Glocalisation: is a term that was invented in
order to emphasise that the globalisation of a
product is more likely to succeed when the
product or service is adapted specifically to each
locality or culture it is marketed in. The increasing
prescence of McDonald’s restaurants worldwide
is an example of globalisation, while the changes
in the menus of the restaurant chain that are
designed to appeal to local tastes are an example
of glocalisation.
The Manufacturing Sector
Globalisation
Glocalisation
Organisation
Worldwide
Concentrated in the E.U.,
North America, and Japan.
Locational
Requirements
Comparative advantage and
economies of scale.
Depressed regions of major
international trade blocs.
Labour and
management
Foreign managers in senior
ranks; spatial division of labour.
Very difficult for foreign
managers to reach senior
ranks.
Market
Production for world markets.
Geographically dispersed.
Export-orientated strategy.
Production for local or
regional markets.
Geographically
concentrated.
Export-orientated strategy.
Globalisation
• Aims at a worldwide intra-firm division of labour.
• Activities are established in many sites and
spread over the world based on a country’s
advantages.
• Labour-intensive production is based in low-wage
areas.
• The high-tech parts require a skilled and welleducated workforce.
• This means locating research facilities in core
areas and assembly plants in periphery areas.
Glocalisation
• Decentralisation of production to hierarchical
networks of local subcontracting.
• A high degree of control over supply and
distribution.
Activities
• Using Geography For The IB Diploma P211217, answer the following…
1. Define Globalisation and Glocalisation.
2. Using Figure 1 (P212), explain the term
Localisation.
3. What is a Glocal Forum and what does it aim to
do?
4. Using Figure 8 (P217), suggest reasons for the
distribution of cities that are members of the
Glocal Forum network.