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CBS, STATISTICAL ABSTRACT OF ISRAEL 2011
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‫ שנתון סטטיסטי לישראל‬,‫למ''ס‬
INTERNATIONAL COMPARISONS
This chapter presents comparisons of
statistical data between Israel and other
countries, particularly countries that are
members of the Organization for Economic
Cooperation and Development (OECD).
Different countries tend to publish their data
using definitions and formats that are
convenient for them. Therefore, in order to
solve problems related to the accuracy of
comparisons,
this
chapter
presents
information that is usually taken from the
sources of international organizations such
as the United Nations, OECD, ILO, etc.,
which prepare data in a way that allows
comparison,
For a definition of Gross Domestic Product
and its components, see Chapter 14 National Accounts.
EDUCATION
(Tables 28.4-28.8)
Data on national expenditure for education
in Israel in 2008 were added to the
international comparisons of the OECD,
which were published by the OECD in
Education at a Glance 2011.
Estimates for Israel were calculated in the
framework of national accounts.
Countries for which current estimates could
not be obtained were eliminated from the
table.
In Israel’s GDP, expenditures for education
in educational institutions are higher than in
all of the other countries examined.
However, it should be noted that the
percentage of young people in the Israeli
population is relatively high compared with
other countries.
Average expenditures per student are
presented in terms of PPP (see section on
Purchasing Power Parities - PPP below).
For a definition of GDP and its components,
see Chapter 14 - National Accounts.
AREA, POPULATION, AND
POPULATION DENSITY
(Table 28.1)
SOURCES
Data for all of the countries, excluding
Israel, were taken from the UNSTATS - the
United Nations web site.
The data on Israel were obtained from data
published by the Central Bureau of
Statistics, see Chapter 1 - Geophysical
Characteristics, Table 1.1, and Chapter 2 Population, Tables 2.1, 2.14.
Data on enrollment rates by age group,
average scores of 15-year-old students on
the PISA 2006 (Programme for International
Assessment) tests in Science, as well as
data on the educational achievements of
persons aged 25-64 by sex in average
number of years of schooling were taken
from the publication Education at a Glance
of the OECD.
The data on scores of Grade 8 students on
the TIMSS 2007 (Trends in International
Mathematics and Science Study) tests in
Science Mathematics and are taken from
the TIMSS 2007 – International Science
Report,
and
from
the
TIMSS2007
from the International Mathematics Report
of the International Association for the
Evaluation of International Achievement IEA.
HEALTH
(Tables 28.2, 28.3)
Data on life expectancy and infant mortality
were taken from the Report of the World
Health Organization, 2011. For some
countries, the data are based on estimates.
The data are not necessarily the same as
those published by the respective countries.
The data are calculated by the WHO (World
Health Organization) using a method that is
uniform for all countries.
Data on national expenditure for health in
OECD countries were taken from OECD
publications.
Estimates for Israel were calculated in the
framework of national accounts.
The average expenditure for health per
capita is presented in terms of Purchasing
Power Parities (PPP) - see the section on
Purchasing Power Parities below.
INTERNATIONAL COMPARISONS
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‫לאומיות‬-‫השוואות בין‬
For that purpose, special currency
conversion rates - Purchasing Power
Parities (PPPs) – were constructed, which
provide a basis for conversion to a common
currency and equalizing the purchasing
power of different countries.
The GDP, which is calculated by the PPP, is
in fixed prices and the differences in the
GDP levels between countries reflect only
differences in the volume of goods and
services purchased.
The price level and volume indices
(expenditure per capita) were calculated on
the basis of the average of the 34 member
countries of the OECD.
Price level indices - were derived by
dividing the value of the Purchasing Power
Parity (PPP) of each country by its regular
exchange rate.
Volume indices – were derived by dividing
the average GDP per capita in each one of
the countries, by the average of all the
countries participating in the calculation.
GENERAL GOVERNMENT
EXPENDITURE
(Table 28.9)
Data
on
the
general
government
expenditures by function were taken from
the publication of the International Monetary
Fund, Government Finance Statistics
Yearbook 2009. The data on Israel that
were reported to the IMF were calculated in
the framework of the general government
accounts, according to the Government
Financial Statistics Manual GFSM 2001.
LABOUR FORCE AND
UNEMPLOYED PERSONS
(Tables 28.10-28.13)
Data are based on Labour Force Surveys.
The data are based on the definitions
recommended by the International Labour
Organization (ILO).
The data on Israel were published by the
Central Bureau of Statistics (see Table
12.1).
As of the 2011 Statistical Abstract, Table
28.11, which presents data on percentages
of unemployed persons, was limited to the
15-74 age group, in accordance with the
recommendations of the ILO. In addition, as
of the 2011 Statistical Abstract, the
distribution of data by sex is also presented
in the tables.
SOURCES
The data in Tables 28.14-28.17 are based
on estimates, and were derived from the
publications of the OECD. For the first time,
Israel is participated in the project as a full
member of the OECD. Therefore, estimates
for Israel were also calculated by the OECD
in the same way as the estimates for the
other countries.
The data for Tables 28.18 and 28.19 relate
to 2008, and the data were collected in
2006-2008. To calculate the PPPs, data on
prices were collected for a broad range of
goods and services (approximately 3,000
items), according to specific definitions
determined for all of the countries
participating in the project. For services
provided to households at a reduced rate or
free of charge, data on input prices were
collected. In order to weight the PPP value
and to calculate the product and
expenditure items, the relevant expenditure
data in the national accounts were used.
SOURCES
The data for Tables 28.10-28.12 were
mainly obtained from the database of the
ILO.
The data for Table 28.13 were obtained
from the EUROSTAT database.
PURCHASING POWER PARITIES
(Tables 28.14-28.19)
DEFINITIONS AND EXPLANATIONS
The international comparisons project was
conducted for 51 countries: 34 countries
participating in the comparative research
project conducted jointly by the OECDEurostat were members of the OECD, and
17 countries were not members.
The project was coordinated jointly by the
OECD and the statistics office of the
European Union (Eurostat). The aim of the
project was to conduct an international
comparison of the Gross Domestic Product
(GDP) and its component expenditure per
capita.
INTERNATIONAL COMPARISONS
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INFORMATION AND
COMMUNICATIONS
TECHNOLOGIES (ICT)
FOOD SUPPLY BALANCE SHEET
(Table 22)
For definitions, see Chapter 19 - Agriculture.
SOURCES
Data were obtained from the database of the
International
Food
and
Agriculture
Organization (FAO).
The data on Israel were collected by the
Central Bureau of Statistics (see Chapter 19
- Agriculture, Table 19.23).
(Table 28.20)
The OECD published comparative data for
2005-2009 on countries belonging to the
organization. The data are presented by
categories that reflect the main ICT activities
and the contribution of those activities to the
economy.
The data on Israel were published by the
Central Bureau of Statistics (see Chapter
18, Business, Tables 18.15 and 18.16, and
Chapter 26 – Research and Development,
Table 26.7).
TRANSPORT
(Tables 28.23-28.24)
Motor vehicles and level of motorization and
road accidents with casualties and killed, for
definitions see Chapter 24 - Transport and
Communications.
AGRICULTURAL AREAS AND
FOREST AREAS
SOURCES
The data were obtained from the IRF
(international Road Federation) World Road
Statistics.
(Table 28.21)
For a definition of agricultural area, see
Chapter 19 - Agriculture.
For a definition of forest area, see Chapter 1
- Geophysical Characteristics.
SOURCES
Data on the area of the country, the forest
area and agricultural area were obtained
from the database of the International Food
and Agriculture Organization (FAO).
Data on the population were obtained from
the UN Statistical Abstract.
Data on the forest area in Israel were
provided by the Jewish National Fund
(JNF).
Data on other areas and on the population
of Israel were collected by the Central
Bureau of Statistics.
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
(Table 28.25)
Data on R&D for OECD countries were
obtained from OECD publications. When no
detailed information was available for 2009,
data were taken for the nearest year.
Estimates for Israel were calculated in the
framework of National Accounts.
Countries for which current estimates could
not be obtained were eliminated from the
table.
The average expenditure on civilian R&D
per capita is presented in terms of PPP (see
section on Purchasing Power Parity above.
For a definition of GDP and its components,
see Chapter 14 - National Accounts.
SELECTED PUBLICATIONS
1151
1325
SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS
International Comparison Programme (ICP) - International Comparison
of Gross Domestic Product and the Main Expenditure Components in
Terms of Purchasing Power Parities (PPP), 1996
Education in Israel - an International Comparison, 2004
INTERNATIONAL COMPARISONS
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