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Biology 101 – Quiz 10 – Exercise 10
Name
TRUE or FALSE (2 points each)
1.
Villi are membranes that hold the small intestine in place FALSE
2.
The gallbladder stores BILE produced by the pancreas FALSE
3.
The spleen, which is located just dorsal to the esophagus, functions as an integral part of the
digestive system AND removes worn out blood cells from the circulation FALSE
4.
The liver is anterior (closer to the pig’s snout) to the diaphragm FALSE
5.
The pancreas plays NO ROLE in chemical or mechanical digestion FALSE
6.
The length of the pig > The length of the pig’s small intestine FALSE
7.
A decrease in intestinal surface area will increase the rate of nutrient absorption in the
intestine FALSE
8.
The muscle in the small intestine is VOLUNTARY (i.e., you can actively control it). FALSE
9.
Three sphincters control the entry and exit of materials into and out of the stomach FALSE
10.
The kidneys of the fetal pig remove nitrogen-containing wastes and form urine TRUE
SHORT ANSWER (4 points each)
1.
Just like yours, the interior of the stomach of the fetal pig contained folds called rugae.
Suppose you ate a very large meal and then your classmate removed your stomach, opened
it, and removed the food. Would the rugae (folds) be visible? Explain your answer.
Not likely. Since the stomach has been expand by the large food intake, the rugae will no longer be
visible.
2.
There are tubes in the kidneys, called the proximal convoluted tubules, which have the
function of reabsorbing water from the urine to ensure that your body stays properly
hydrated. The cells making up these tubes have microvilli. Why does this make sense?
Microvilli will increase the available surface area in the proximal convoluted tubules. Since the PCT
are involved in the absorption of water, having a large surface area makes plenty of sense. The
greater the surface area  the more sites for water absorption  the greater volume of water
absorbed.
3.
A drastic approach to weight loss is the surgical removal of a significant portion of the
jejunum (the “middle” part of the small intestine). Why would such a procedure result in a
marked weight loss?
Without a jejunum, the area available for nutrient absorption will decrease. Thus the amount of
nutrients absorbed will decrease and there will be less energy to be stored as fat – hence, the drastic
weight loss.
BONUS QUESTION (3 points)
Every time HCl is made for the gastric juice, basic chemicals are released into the bloodstream.
Suppose a baby was admitted into the hospital because of excessive projectile vomiting due to a
thickened pyloric sphincter (which did not open readily or fully). Would you expect this baby’s
blood to be acidic or alkaline (basic)? Why?
Everytime the baby vomits, he/she is getting rid of his/her gastric juice and thus more gastric juice
will have to be made. Since everytime HCl is made for gastric juice, alkaline chemicals are released
into the blood, naturally, the baby’s blood will be quite alkaline.