Download NAME: DATE: BLOCK: ____ Look at the diagram of the digestive

NAME: ____________________________________ DATE: ______________ BLOCK: ____
Look at the diagram of the digestive system below. Identify the parts in the diagram by putting the number of
the part in front of each term.
____appendix
____anus
____ascending colon
____cardiac sphincter
____cecum
____descending colon
____duodenum
____esophagus
____gall bladder
____ileocecal sphincter
____ileum
____jejunum
____liver
____pancreas
____parotid gland
____pharynx
____pyloric sphincter
____rectum
____sigmoid colon
____stomach
____sublingual gland
____submandibular gland
____transverse colon
VOCABULARY
Match the following terms with the appropriate descriptions by putting the correct letter in front of each term.
Letter
Term
chemical digestion
mechanical digestion
absorption
defecation
ingestion
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Description
Large molecules are broken down by enzymes
Putting food into your mouth
Elimination of indigestible food
Physically breaking down food into smaller pieces
Transport of digested products from the GI tract to the blood or lymph
Match the term with the correct definition by writing the correct letter in front of each definition.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
gastrointestinal tract
bile
bile salts
chyme
feces
F.
G.
H.
I.
J.
gastric glands
gastric juice
hepatic duct
intestinal villi
intrinsic factor
K.
L.
M.
N.
O.
lacteal
pancreatic duct
pancreatic juice
pepsin
peristalsis
______contains enzymes that break down carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids, and proteins and bicarbonate
______most important gastric enzyme which breaks down protein
______lymphatic vessel in each villus that helps carries nutrients to the body
______a tube that carries pancreatic juice from pancreas to duodenum
______wavelike movements that moves food down the canal
______mixture of food particles and gastric juice
______undigested and unabsorbed materials; also includes water, mucus, shed intestinal cells, and bacteria
______found in stomach and secrete gastric juice
______includes mucus, digestive enzymes, intrinsic factor, and hydrochloric acid
______transfer bile from liver into the small intestine
______tiny projections of the inner wall of the small intestine and greatly increase the surface area for
absorption
______in gastric juice and helps aid in B12 absorption
______a structure that extend from the mouth to the anus
______yellow-green liquid secreted from hepatic (liver) cells and contains bile salts, bile pigments (bilirubin
and biliverdin), cholesterol, and electrolytes
______break fat globules into smaller droplets (emulsification), and enhance absorption of fatty acids,
cholesterol, and fat-soluble vitamins
QUESTIONS
1. In which organ does most of the absorption occur?
2. Pancreatic juice contains enzymes that break down proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates. Beside
each enzyme listed below, write which substrate (proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, or carbohydrates ) is broken
down. You may use a substrate more than one time.

pepsin: ___________________________________________

lipase: ___________________________________________

nuclease: ___________________________________________

amylase: ___________________________________________

trypsin and chymotrypsin: ___________________________________________
3. What is the function of bile salts?
4. Where is bile made?
5. Where is bile stored?
6. What prevents stomach acid from going back up the esophagus?
7. Explain how intestinal villi aid in absorption. Include surface area, nutrients, blood, and lacteal in your
answer.
8. What is the main function of the large intestine?
9. What is the function of the rectum?
10. Why does pancreatic juice contain bicarbonate?
11. What causes gall stones?
12. If someone is an alcoholic they may have chronic inflammation of the liver. What is this condition called?
13. What causes most stomach ulcers?
14. If someone suffers from diverticulitis, what should they eat to help with the symptoms?
15. What are hemorrhoids?
16. What organ is emptied by vomiting?
17. What part of the brain controls vomiting?
18. Explain how constipation and diarrhea are opposites. Include water and large intestine in your answer.
19. If someone suffers from constipation, what should they eat to prevent it?