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Chapter 5: Ancient China Notes 1. Geography and Beginning of Ancient China: - South China, warm and wet (monsoons), North China very dry - Himalaya Mountains, Pacific Ocean, and Gobi Desert cut off Chinabelieved they were center of the world (“Middle Kingdom") - Rivers birthplace of civilization- Huang He (Yellow) and Chang Jiang (Yangzi), good for farming, Huang He also brought sorrow with flooding Beginnings of China: - Shang Dynasty was first known, family was center of society - Up to 5 generations living together (extended family) - Oldest man center of authority (decided everything), women governed by men (father, husband, son) - Women should be moral, modest, have proper speech and domestic skills - First people to use 2 names (last name first, the family name) 2. Confucius: - Confucius was a teacher, self-taught, wanted to teach his views of life and government - Goal was to bring peace, stability, and order to Chinese society by persuading the rulers not to fight - Taught people to behave properly to one another, know your place in society and family, respect everyone, treat others equally, people of power set good examples (Summary; "Golden Rule") - His teachings were the basis for training members of government (civil service), take exams based on Confucianism - Believed his life was a failure, teachings became a philosophy after he died, but for many functions as a religion 3. Chinese Rulers and Dynasties: Qin Dynasty: (lasted about 15 years) - ruler Shi Huangdi- (First Emperor), harsh dynasty, cruel ruler - unified China by creating a common currency and laws, outlawed ideas of Confucius - built The Great Wall of China Han Dynasty: (lasted about 400 years) - ruler Liu Bang- created a stable gov't, created a civil service (educate people to work for gov't), not very harsh ruler - ruler Wudi- focused on war and military, he ruled for more than 50 years 4. Achievements of China: - Silk Road- traded with Central Asia (new foods), all the way to the Mediterranean Sea - Silk was being made in China, desired by other civilizations (trade silk for horses, glass, other cloth) - Han Dynasty- advances in art, literature and technology (first dictionary, iron tools, paper, wheelbarrow) - Other achievements in medicine (plant medicine, knowledge about blood, acupuncture and anesthetics) - People in China today call themselves the “Children of Han” because they want to be connected to such a great dynasty -