Download 7 New Ideologies Two Day Lesson - Ms. Cannistraci presents the

Ms. Cannistraci
Name:__________________________________ Date:________________
Base your answers to the questions on the woodblock print below and on your knowledge
of social studies.
Ladies with western musical instruments 1._____ 2._____ 3._____ 4._____ 5._____
Base your answers to question 1 and 2 on the print
below and your knowledge of Global Studies:
1.This late 19th-century Japanese print
illustrates
(1) isolationism (3) cultural diffusion
(2) ethnocentrism (4) democracy
2 During which period of Japanese
history was this print most likely
created?
(1) Tokugawa Shogunate
(2) Meiji Restoration
(3) Russo-Japanese War
(4) post–World War II occupation
3.Japan’s increased foreign trade during the Meiji
Restoration was closely related to its
4.The Meiji Restoration in Japan was
prompted in part by
(1) need to maintain a traditional society
(1) a fear that Japan would be
colonized by western nations
(2) desire for a modern industrialized society
(3) colonization by Western nations
(4) encouragement of foreign investment
(2) the failure of Japanese expansion
(3) the Shogun’s conversion to
Christianity
(4) a desire to stay isolated
Ms. Cannistraci
Name:_______________________________ Date:______
Charles Darwin, On Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection
Charles Darwin (1809-1882), an English biologist was one of a number of scientists
considering theories of evolution. He published On the Origin of Species, in 1859 and set
forth his theory that animals evolved through variation and natural selection of those most fit
to survive in particular environments. Darwin's exposure to specimens all over the globe
raised important questions. Other naturalists believed that all species either came into being
at the start of the world, or were created over the course of natural history. In either case,
the species were believed to remain much the same throughout time. Darwin, however,
noticed similarities among species all over the globe, along with variations based on specific
locations, leading him to believe that they had gradually evolved from common ancestors. He
came to believe that species survived through a process called "natural selection," where
species that successfully adapted to meet the changing requirements of their natural habitat
thrived, while those that failed to evolve and reproduce died off. In 1858, after years of
further scientific investigation, Darwin publically introduced his revolutionary theory of
evolution in a letter read at a meeting of the Linnean Society. On November 24, 1859, he
published a detailed explanation of his theory in his best-known work, On the Origin of
Species by Means of Natural Selection.
State two theories of Charles Darwin in his book On the Origin of Species by means of Natural
Selection.
1st
2nd
Ms. Cannistraci
Name:_______________________________ Date:______
Charles Darwin, On Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection
Charles Darwin (1809-1882), an English biologist was one of a number of scientists
considering theories of evolution. He published On the Origin of Species, in 1859 and set
forth his theory that animals evolved through variation and natural selection of those most fit
to survive in particular environments. Darwin's exposure to specimens all over the globe
raised important questions. Other naturalists believed that all species either came into being
at the start of the world, or were created over the course of natural history. In either case,
the species were believed to remain much the same throughout time. Darwin, however,
noticed similarities among species all over the globe, along with variations based on specific
locations, leading him to believe that they had gradually evolved from common ancestors. He
came to believe that species survived through a process called "natural selection," where
species that successfully adapted to meet the changing requirements of their natural habitat
thrived, while those that failed to evolve and reproduce died off. In 1858, after years of
further scientific investigation, Darwin publically introduced his revolutionary theory of
evolution in a letter read at a meeting of the Linnean Society. On November 24, 1859, he
published a detailed explanation of his theory in his best-known work, On the Origin of
Species by Means of Natural Selection.
State two theories of Charles Darwin in his book On the Origin of Species by means of Natural
Selection.
1st
2nd
CRITICISM AND RESPONSE TO CHARLES DARWIN’S THEORIES POSTED ON SMART BOARD
Modern History Sourcebook: Samuel Wilberforce: On Darwin's Origin of Species, 1860
He who is as sure as he is of his own existence that the God of truth is at once the God of
nature and the God of revelation, cannot believe it to be possible that His voice in either,
rightly understood, can differ, or deceive His creatures. To oppose facts in the natural world
because they seem to oppose revelation, or to humor them so as to compel them to speak its
voice, is, he knows, but another form of the ever-ready feeble-minded dishonesty of lying for
God, and trying by fraud or falsehood to do the work of the God of truth.
What is Samuel Wilberforce’s view of Charles Darwin’s book On the Origin of the Species?
Cite textual evidence to support your claim.
Ms. Cannistraci
Name:______________________________ Date:_____
Modern History Sourcebook: Herbert Spencer: Social Darwinism, 1857 [adapted]

Herbert Spencer (18201903) was thinking about ideas of evolution and progress before
Charles Darwin published The Origin of Species (1859). Nonetheless, his ideas received a
major boost from Darwin's theories and the general application of ideas such as
"adaptation" and "survival of the fittest" to social thought is known as "Social Darwinism.
Social Darwinism is an application of the theory of natural selection to social, political, and
economic issues. In its simplest form, Social Darwinism follows the mantra of "the strong
survive," including human issues. [This form of justification was enthusiastically adopted by
many businessmen as scientific proof of their superiority. Spencer also applied Darwinian
Theory to human development, arguing that wealth and power were signs of fitness and
that mankind benefited from intense competition and removal of the weak and unfit.
According to Social Darwinism, those with strength (economic, physical, technological)
flourish and those without are destined for extinction. It is important to note that Darwin
did not extend his theories to a social or economic level, nor are any credible evolutionists
subscribing to the theories of Social Darwinism. Herbert Spencer's philosophy is only loosely
based on the premises of Darwin's work.]
How does Herbert Spencer’s theory “Social Darwinism” justify the abuses and hardship of
the Industrial Revolution?
Thomas Malthus’s Essay on Population
Thomas Malthus believed that natural rates of human reproduction, when unchecked, would
lead to geometric increases in population: population would grow in a ratio of 2, 4, 8, 16, 32,
64 and so on. However, he believed that food production increased only in arithmetic
progression: 2, 4, 6, 8, 10. It seemed obvious to him that something had to keep the
population in check to prevent wholesale starvation. He said that there were two general
kinds of checks that limited population growth: preventative checks and positive checks.
Preventative checks reduced the birth rate; positive checks increased the death rate. Moral
restraint, vice and birth control were the primary preventative checks. Moral restraint was
the means by which the higher ranks of humans limited their family size in order not to
dissipate their wealth among larger numbers of heirs. For the lower ranks of humans, vice
and birth control were the means by which their numbers could be limited - but Malthus
believed that these were insufficient to limit the vast numbers of the poor. The positive
checks were famine, misery, plague and war; because preventative checks had not limited
the numbers of the poor, Malthus thought that positive checks were essential to do that job.
State two ways that Thomas Malthus believed the increases in population can be
prevented.
1st
2nd
Ms. Cannistraci
Name:______________________________ Date:_____
Robert Owen, Utopian Socialism: social and economic system based on the premise that if
ownership of the means of production unemployment and poverty would be abolished]
Robert Owen established a utopian society at New Lanark in England
At New Lanark, there were neat rows of workers’ houses with two rooms in every house;
there were streets with the garbage neatly piled up awaiting disposal instead of strewn
about. And in the factories, a still more unusual sight greeted the visitors’ eyes. Over each
employee hung a little wooden sign with a different color painted on each side. Each color
represented a different rating for behavior and effort, most showed white (excellent) or
yellow (good).For another surprise, there were no children in the factories; at least none
were under the age of ten or eleven. Those youngsters who did work only labored for a short
ten and three quarter hour day. Furthermore, they were never punished; no one in fact was
punished; discipline seemed to be handled by gentleness rather than fear. The door of the
factory manager stood open and anyone could (and did) present his objections to any
regulation. Everyone could inspect the book which contained the detailed support of his
work, which was the basis for the colored sign, and could appeal an unfair report. It was a
wonderful sight. For the business-minded, less likely to be moved by the sight of happy
children, there was the undeniable fact that New Lanark was marvelously profitable.
But Owen did not rest there. He had bigger ideas for the betterment of humanity, which
he presented to a special committee of Parliament. Owen suggesting forming Villages of
Cooperation in which between 800 and 1,200 people would work together to support
themselves. The families were to live in grouped houses, which each family to live in a
private apartment but with shared playrooms, reading rooms and kitchens. Children over the
age of three were to live separately so that they could receive a proper education. Around
the schools were gardens to be taken care of by the slightly older children. These would
stretch out into the fields for crops. In the distance, away from the living areas, would be the
factory built.
Will Robert Owen’s Utopian Socialist Society and New Lanark improve the lives of the
working class during the Industrial revolution in England? Cite evidence from the text to
support your claim.
Continue on back.
Ms. Cannistraci
Name:______________________________ Date:_____
The Communist Manifesto is an 1848 political pamphlet by German philosophers Karl Marx
and Friedrich Engels
Assume you are a worker in the nineteenth century. Argue whether or not you would agree
with the ideas of Karl Marx [The father of Communism]
The history of…society is the history of class struggles. Throughout history, there have
been conflict between the haves and the have nots, between those who hold economic
power and those whose labor is exploited. In ancient times, this conflict was between
freeman and slave, between aristocrat and commoner. In the Middle Ages, it was between
the lord and serf…Here in the industrial Age, there is a constant class warfare between the
proletariat [worker] and the bourgeoisie [factory owner/employer]…
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At one time, capitalism was beneficial to society. It enabled people to produce goods on a
large scale. The machines and technical skills introduced by capitalism created unlimited
opportunities for people to improve themselves. But now capitalism has outlived its
usefulness…The workers…are forced to work long hours under miserable conditions. They
receive little [money] in return for their labor [work]. Although the workers produce the
goods, the profits go to the capitalists. Capitalism has brought great wealth to the
bourgeoisie [factory owner/employer] and grinding poverty to the worker.
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What is the solution? Communist theory is summed up in a single sentence: Abolish
private property (property owned by individuals, and not the state [country]). Bring all the
means of production [land, factory, machine, resources] into the hands of the state [country];
that is, the workers organized as the ruling class. When this happens, the class struggle will
be over. In place of the capitalist society with its opposing classes, we will have a classless
society, [a society without different social classes], in which everyone will be equal.
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The immediate aim of the communists is…to organize the proletariat [the workers].
Aroused and united by the communist…the workers will rise up and overthrow their capitalist
oppressors…They will take over the means of production and seize political power.
Let the ruling class tremble at a communist revolution. The proletarians have nothing to
lose but their chains. They have a world to win.
Workingmen of all countries unite!
Adapted from: Bertram L. Linder, et al, A World history (Chicago, Ill: Science Research Associates, 1979), p. 459
Ms. Cannistraci
Name:______________________________ Date:_____
What was Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels point of view [purpose] in the Communist
Manifesto? Cite evidence to support your claim.
Section for further notes during class discussions other teams share out their research.
ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTION AFTER OUR DISCUSSION!
Will Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels communist ideology improve the lives of the working
class during the Industrial Revolution in England? Cite evidence from the text to support
your claim.
POSTED ON SMART BOARD
Manifesto of the Communist Party, 1848
II. Proletarians and Communists
. . .The immediate aim of the Communists is the same as that of all the other proletarian
parties: Formation of the proletariat into a class, overthrow of bourgeois supremacy,
conquest of political power by the proletariat. . . . The distinguishing feature of Communism
is not the abolition of property generally, but the abolition of bourgeois property. But
modern bourgeois private property is the final and most complete expression of the system
of producing and appropriating products that is based on class antagonisms, on the
exploitation of the many by the few. . . .
Source: Marx and Engels, Manifesto of the Communist Party, International Publishers
According to Marx and Engels, what are two ideas that characterize Marxist communism?
Exit Ticket Ms. Cannistraci
Name:______________________________ Date:_____
SELECTED QUOTES BY KARL MARX IN THE COMMUNIST MANIFESTO
Choose one quote by Karl Marx in the Communist Manifesto and explain his point of view or
purpose:
1. “The history of all hitherto existing society is the history of class struggles. Freeman
and slave, patrician and plebeian, lord and serf, guild master and journeyman, in a
word, oppressor and oppressed, stood in constant opposition to one another, carried
on an uninterrupted, now hidden, now open fight, that each time ended, either in the
revolutionary reconstitution of society at large, or in the common ruin of the
contending classes.”
2. “Let the ruling classes tremble at a Communistic revolution. The proletarians have
nothing to lose but their chains. They have a world to win.
3. Workingmen of all countries unite!”