Download Study Guide Topics 5-6 Zeus Leader of the gods (Earth/sky) Hera is

Study Guide Topics 5-6
Zeus
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Leader of the gods (Earth/sky)
Hera is his wife-distrusted him for having affairs with other goddesses/humans
Symbols –lightning bolt(throws when angry), and eagle
Poseidon
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God of the sea
Worshipped by sailors (honored him for good weather)
Uses a trident as a weapon
Symbol- horse (given to him by humans) , chariot, dolphins
Hades
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God of the underworld
Brother of Zeus
Carried a scepter
Owned all the gems and metals in the ground (god of wealth)
Had a three –headed dog
Kidnapped Persephone
Hera
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Zeus’ wife and sister
Protector of marriage – always concerned about Zeus’ affairs
Goddess of marriage
Peacock and cow are sacred animals
Ares
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Son of Zeus and Hera (who disliked him)
God of war
Carries a bloodstained spear
Causes trouble , steps back and then watches and laughs
Demeter
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Goddess of agriculture/plants
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Symbols-wheat/barley
Mother of Persephone
Aphrodite
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Greek goddess of love/beauty
Symbols-roses, sparrows, dolphins
Often related with the sea
Apollo
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Son of Zeus and Leto
Twin brother of Artemis
God of the sun
God of prophesy, light, youth, music, archery, healing(medicine), plague, and poetry
Invented the lyre
Artemis
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Daughter of Zeus and Leto
Twin sister of Apollo
Goddess of hunting and wild animals
Goddess of maidens and childbirth
Goddess of the moon
Athena
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Daughter of Zeus (no mother-remember born out of head)
Goddess of wisdom , crafts, and knowledge
Warrior goddess
Patron goddess of Athens
Olive tree
Hermes
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Son of Zeus and Maia(daughter of Atlas)
Messenger of the gods
God of travelers, trickery, theft, commerce, and science
Wings on his sandals
Most cunning and clever of the gods
Most referenced
Hephaestus
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God of fire/forge (melting metals)
Volcano
Hestia
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Goddess of home and Hearth(fire)
Sister of Zeus
Prometheus
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In charge of creating life (gives to Epimetheus thinks it is below him)
Gives humans fire
Chained to a rock as punishment from Zeus
Atlas
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Punishment was holding up the world
Persephone
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Kidnapped by Hades
Daughter of Demeter
Queen of the underworld
Cronus
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Husband of Rhea
Overthrown by Zeus
Ate his children
Greek Heroic Stories
Main character is human, but interacts with gods and goddesses-sometimes even
challenging them! In some cases, the heroes may have god blood in them.
The heroic characters are admired by Greeks. They have many good qualities like
strength, cleverness, and courage. Still, since they are human, they still have some small
weaknesses. They must overcome these weaknesses. The hero of the story must face
many challenged, and persevere, by the end of the story.
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In many cases, gods, goddesses, and mythological characters interact and cause trouble
for the humans.
The two most significant Greek heroic stories are called the Iliad and the Odyssey. Both
stories involve the Trojan War.
If it occurred, the Trojan War took place around 1200 BCE. Hundreds of years later,
Greek poet Homer is credited with telling these stories.
The Iliad is about how the Greeks took down the city-state of Troy (the Trojan Warlasted 10 years).
The Odyssey is about the hero of the Trojan War, Odysseus, who takes 10 years to
return home from war (because he upsets Poseidon).
Odysseus (How is Odysseus like a hero?)
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Odysseus tricked Cyclops
Told soldiers not to kill the Cyclops ( they could not move the stone)
Offered himself to be eaten (brave)
Intelligent made weapon to blind Cyclops (wisdom)
Challenges Poseidon (brave)