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AR6_SA_U4_L10_VS
Course
Art 6
Lesson
Objective
Semester
A
Unit
4
Lesson
10
The students will learn about the use of foreshortening in early
Renaissance art in order to understand it's effect on the audience.
Visual
Audio
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The term "foreshortening" refers to a method
of representing an object in a picture in depth.
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What does that mean, exactly?
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Well, imagine how a standing man looks
standing in front of you.
Now, imagine that this man is stretched
lengthways on the ground, like he’s about to
make a snow angel.
http://www.morguefile.com/archive
/display/197421>
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<Text: When drawing, you should
make the head appear smaller. This
creates depth.>
When drawing, you should make the head
appear smaller. This creates depth.
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<Image:
http://pixabay.com/en/legs-windowcar-dirt-road-relax-434918/ >
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<image:
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki
/File:Map_of_comune_of_Florence_
(province_of_Florence,_region_Tusc
any,_Italy).svg>
Since the feet are closer to you, they should
appear larger.
The man’s torso and limbs should be
'shortened' so that the body looks
proportionate.
Foreshortening was first studied by painters in
Florence in the 15th century.
Let’s discover more about how foreshortening
<effect- dissolve to image, display on was used in Renaissance art!
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<Image:
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki
/File:Leonardo_da_Vinci__Virgin_of_the_Rocks_(National_Gal
lery_London).png>
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<TEXT displayed in bold, bright
colors text that will be the title to first
section: Foreshortening in Painting>
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<Image:
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki
/File:Grandes_Heures_Anne_de_Bre
tagne_Saint_Matthieu.jpg>
Paintings have different forms of shortening
than photographs do.
Foreshortening can be really dramatic in
paintings. Sometimes it makes sense to adapt it
to make it more subtle.
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<Image:
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki
/File:Lavisse_elementaire_094_renai
ssance_bayard.jpg>
You can alter foreshortening in a variety of
ways, like changing the dimensions of the
nearer part of the object.
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This will make the image look a little more
realistic to the viewer.
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<image:
For example, look at the painting The
Lamentation by Italian artist Andrea Mantegna.
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wik
i/File:Andrea_Mantegna__The_Lamentation_over_the_De
ad_Christ_-_WGA13981.jpg>
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<image:
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fi
le:Andrea_Mantegna,_lamento_sul_
cristo_morto,_dettaglio.jpg>
He deliberately reduced the size of Jesus's feet.
This way, you could see the entire body when
you looked at the painting.
If a photograph was taken from the same angle,
the feet would have been too big and would
have blocked our view of the legs and torso.
So you can see how foreshortening can be a
very deliberate tactic.
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<TEXT: display in large, bold,
brightly colored text that will be the
title to first section: Foreshortening in
Figures and Landscapes>
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Shortening an object simulates depth in a
picture.
This enables a painter to suggest volume, or
bigger size, and dimension in their work.
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This can make the art look more realistic.
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki
/File:Braunschweiger_Monogrammis
t_001.jpg>
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http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki
/File:Albrecht_D%C3%BCrer_106.jpg
>
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http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fi
le:Michelangelo_separation.jpg >
Landscapes can use foreshortening, too. It can
add naturalism to the view of the world.
One of the most amazing uses of foreshortening
is in architecture, like on the painted ceilings
one finds throughout Europe.
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Some examples include illusionistic fresco
paintings, especially on ceilings in churches.
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This type of mural painting uses techniques
such as perspective di sotto in su ("seen from
below")
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and quadratura (ceiling paintings that simulate
the extension of real architecture into an
imaginary space.)
This creates the illusion of three-dimensional
depth in an otherwise two-dimensional ceiling
surface above the viewer.
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<TEXT: display as large, bold, brightly This foreshortening technique was first
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pioneered during the Early Renaissance.
first section: History of
Foreshortening>
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<Image:
Andrea Mantegna was perhaps the greatest
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki known artist using foreshortening.
/File:076_le_vite,_andrea_mantegna
.jpg>
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A student of Mantegna’s was Luca Signorelli
and he also used foreshortening in his work.
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fi
le:Signorelli,_Luca__selfportrait_alone.jpg>
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He is noted for his frescoes, or murals, with lots
of dimension and detail.
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fi
le:Luca_signorelli,_comunione_con_
gli_apostoli,_cortona.jpg>
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<image:
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki
/File:Michelangelo-Buonarroti1.jpg>
The next great artist to use foreshortening was
Michelangelo.
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http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki
/File:Creation_of_the_Sun_and_Mo
on_face_detail.jpg >
In his famous work in the Sistine Chapel, he
makes God appear as if he is rising above the
viewer by shortening his body.
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Many historians argue that the greatest painter
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of foreshortening was Giambattista Tiepolo.
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki
/File:Giovanni_Battista_Tiepolo_073.
jpg >
His fresco paintings were considered to be the
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greatest masterpieces of his career.
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http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki
/File:Giovanni_Battista_Tiepolo_024.
jpg >
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In total, foreshortening is a huge
accomplishment in the Renaissance Art world.