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AR6_SA_U4_L10_VS Course Art 6 Lesson Objective Semester A Unit 4 Lesson 10 The students will learn about the use of foreshortening in early Renaissance art in order to understand it's effect on the audience. Visual Audio <Fade to first image> <Image: http://mrg.bz/IoI6wP> The term "foreshortening" refers to a method of representing an object in a picture in depth. <effect – fizzle to next image> <Image: http://mrg.bz/rNSTo5> What does that mean, exactly? <effect – fade to image> <Image: http://mrg.bz/bTpvGy> <effect – fade to image> <image: Well, imagine how a standing man looks standing in front of you. Now, imagine that this man is stretched lengthways on the ground, like he’s about to make a snow angel. http://www.morguefile.com/archive /display/197421> <effect – fade to text> <Text: When drawing, you should make the head appear smaller. This creates depth.> When drawing, you should make the head appear smaller. This creates depth. <effect – fade to image> <Image: http://pixabay.com/en/legs-windowcar-dirt-road-relax-434918/ > <effect – fade to image> <Image: http://mrg.bz/WUjEQt > <effect – fizzle to image> <image: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki /File:Map_of_comune_of_Florence_ (province_of_Florence,_region_Tusc any,_Italy).svg> Since the feet are closer to you, they should appear larger. The man’s torso and limbs should be 'shortened' so that the body looks proportionate. Foreshortening was first studied by painters in Florence in the 15th century. Let’s discover more about how foreshortening <effect- dissolve to image, display on was used in Renaissance art! white background> <Image: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki /File:Leonardo_da_Vinci__Virgin_of_the_Rocks_(National_Gal lery_London).png> <effect – fade to text, display as audio is read> <TEXT displayed in bold, bright colors text that will be the title to first section: Foreshortening in Painting> <effect – fizzle to image> <Image: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki /File:Grandes_Heures_Anne_de_Bre tagne_Saint_Matthieu.jpg> Paintings have different forms of shortening than photographs do. Foreshortening can be really dramatic in paintings. Sometimes it makes sense to adapt it to make it more subtle. <effect – fizzle to image> <Image: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki /File:Lavisse_elementaire_094_renai ssance_bayard.jpg> You can alter foreshortening in a variety of ways, like changing the dimensions of the nearer part of the object. <effect – fade to image> <Image: http://mrg.bz/6IKlHi> This will make the image look a little more realistic to the viewer. <effect – fizzle to text> <image: For example, look at the painting The Lamentation by Italian artist Andrea Mantegna. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wik i/File:Andrea_Mantegna__The_Lamentation_over_the_De ad_Christ_-_WGA13981.jpg> <effect – fade to image> <Image: http://mrg.bz/kEfNFP> <effect – fizzle to text> <image: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fi le:Andrea_Mantegna,_lamento_sul_ cristo_morto,_dettaglio.jpg> He deliberately reduced the size of Jesus's feet. This way, you could see the entire body when you looked at the painting. If a photograph was taken from the same angle, the feet would have been too big and would have blocked our view of the legs and torso. So you can see how foreshortening can be a very deliberate tactic. <effect – fade to image> <Image: http://mrg.bz/Ea12cT> <effect – fade to text> <TEXT: display in large, bold, brightly colored text that will be the title to first section: Foreshortening in Figures and Landscapes> <effect – fizzle to next image> <Image: http://mrg.bz/ohXVi9> Shortening an object simulates depth in a picture. This enables a painter to suggest volume, or bigger size, and dimension in their work. <effect – fizzle to next image> <image: This can make the art look more realistic. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki /File:Braunschweiger_Monogrammis t_001.jpg> <effect – fade to image> <image: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki /File:Albrecht_D%C3%BCrer_106.jpg > <effect – fade to image> <image: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fi le:Michelangelo_separation.jpg > Landscapes can use foreshortening, too. It can add naturalism to the view of the world. One of the most amazing uses of foreshortening is in architecture, like on the painted ceilings one finds throughout Europe. <effect – fizzle to text> <image: http://mrg.bz/AW3dPL> Some examples include illusionistic fresco paintings, especially on ceilings in churches. <effect – fade to image> <image: http://mrg.bz/BAYSeW> This type of mural painting uses techniques such as perspective di sotto in su ("seen from below") <effect – fade to image> <image: http://mrg.bz/hDSmtk> and quadratura (ceiling paintings that simulate the extension of real architecture into an imaginary space.) This creates the illusion of three-dimensional depth in an otherwise two-dimensional ceiling surface above the viewer. <effect – fizzle to text> <image: http://mrg.bz/S4P28s> <effect – fade to text> <TEXT: display as large, bold, brightly This foreshortening technique was first colored text that will be the title to pioneered during the Early Renaissance. first section: History of Foreshortening> <effect – fade to image> <Image: Andrea Mantegna was perhaps the greatest http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki known artist using foreshortening. /File:076_le_vite,_andrea_mantegna .jpg> <effect – fade to image> <Image: A student of Mantegna’s was Luca Signorelli and he also used foreshortening in his work. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fi le:Signorelli,_Luca__selfportrait_alone.jpg> <effect – fade to image> <Image: He is noted for his frescoes, or murals, with lots of dimension and detail. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fi le:Luca_signorelli,_comunione_con_ gli_apostoli,_cortona.jpg> <effect- fade to image> <image: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki /File:Michelangelo-Buonarroti1.jpg> The next great artist to use foreshortening was Michelangelo. <effect- fade to image> <Image: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki /File:Creation_of_the_Sun_and_Mo on_face_detail.jpg > In his famous work in the Sistine Chapel, he makes God appear as if he is rising above the viewer by shortening his body. <effect – fade to image> Many historians argue that the greatest painter <image: of foreshortening was Giambattista Tiepolo. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki /File:Giovanni_Battista_Tiepolo_073. jpg > His fresco paintings were considered to be the <effect – fizzle to image> greatest masterpieces of his career. <image: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki /File:Giovanni_Battista_Tiepolo_024. jpg > <effect – fade to image> <image: http://mrg.bz/Fl0DxL> In total, foreshortening is a huge accomplishment in the Renaissance Art world.