Download Roundworm cloze notes

Roundworm- Cloze Notes
What Is a Roundworm?
Most species of roundworms are ______________________________________, inhabiting soil, salt flats, aquatic
sediments, and water, from polar regions to the tropics.
Others are ___________________________________ and live in hosts.
Roundworms are ___________________________________worms that have ___________________________________ and
digestive systems with two openings—a mouth and an anus.
Roundworms have a body cavity between the endoderm and mesoderm tissues.
This cavity is partially lined with tissue derived from the __________________________________ and is called a
pseudocoelom, meaning, “______________________________ coelom.”
Roundworms have a ______________________________________ tract with two openings.
Food moves in one direction through the digestive tract of roundworms.
Any food that is not digested leaves the body through the _____________________________.
Form and Function in Roundworms
Roundworms have specialized ___________________________ and organ ___________________________________ that
carry out essential physiological functions.
Feeding
Many free-living roundworms use grasping _________________________________and ____________________________
to catch and eat other small animals.
Respiration, Circulation, and Excretion
Roundworms __________________________________ gases and ______________________________________ metabolic
waste through their body walls.
They depend on ____________________________________ to carry nutrients and waste through their bodies.
Response
Roundworms have simple nervous systems, consisting of several ________________________________________.
Several nerves extend from ganglia in the head and run the length of the body.
These nerves transmit _______________________________ information and control _____________________________.
Movement
Fluid in the pseudocoelom and muscles extending the length of their bodies function as a
______________________________________ skeleton.
___________________________________ roundworms contract muscles to move like snakes through the water.
Soil-dwelling roundworms push their way through the soil by ___________________________________ around.
Reproduction
Roundworms reproduce ____________________________________.
Most species have _________________________________ sexes.
Roundworms reproduce using _____________________________________ fertilization.
Parasitic roundworms often have life cycles that involve _______ or ________ different hosts or several
organs within a single host.
Roundworms and Human Disease
________________________________ roundworms include trichinosis-causing worms, filarial worms, ascarid
worms, and hookworms.
Trichinosis-Causing Worms
Adult Trichinella worms live and mate in the _________________________________ of their hosts.
_______________________________ worms carrying fertilized eggs burrow into the intestinal wall and release
larvae.
Larvae travel through the bloodstream and burrow into _________________________________ and
____________________________________.
The _______________________________ form cysts and become inactive in the host’s
_______________________________ tissue.
Trichinella completes its life cycle only when another animal _________________________ muscle tissue
containing these cysts.
Humans can get trichinosis by eating raw or incompletely cooked _______________________.
Filarial Worms
Filarial worms are ______________________________ worms that live in the blood and lymph vessels of
______________________________ and ___________________________________.
They are transmitted by _________________________insects.
Large numbers of filarial worms may block the passage of fluids within lymph vessels and cause
_____________________________________.
Ascarid Worms
Ascaris lumbricoides is a serious parasite of humans and many other ___________________________ animals.
It absorbs digested food from the host’s ______________________________________.
Ascaris lumbricoides is commonly spread by eating foods that are not _________________________ properly.
Hookworms
Hookworm eggs hatch and develop in the ______________________________.
They use sharp ___________________________________ plates and hooks to burrow into the skin and enter the
_______________________________________.
Hookworms travel through the blood of their host to the __________________________________and down to
the ________________________________.
There, they suck the host’s blood, causing weakness and poor growth (meaning the host may become
______________________________________).