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Turkish Journal of Zoology
http://journals.tubitak.gov.tr/zoology/
Research Article
Turk J Zool
(2013) 37: 768-772
© TÜBİTAK
doi:10.3906/zoo-1211-37
Two new species and 2 first records of the genus Lepidostoma Rambur, 1842
(Trichoptera: Lepidostomatidae) from the Indian Himalayas
Sajad Hussain PAREY*, Malkiat Singh SAINI
Department of Zoology and Environmental Sciences, Punjabi University, Patiala, India
Received: 30.11.2012
Accepted: 08.07.2013
Published Online: 04.10.2013
Printed: 04.11.2013
Abstract: Two new species of the genus Lepidostoma Rambur, 1842 from the Indian Himalayas are described and illustrated, namely
Lepidostoma curvatum sp. nov. from Tato (Arunachal Pradesh) and Lepidostoma mechukaense sp. nov. from Mechuka (Arunachal
Pradesh). Lepidostoma liber Malicky, 2007 from Loomla (Arunachal Pradesh) and Lepidostoma simplex Kimmins, 1964 from Pithoragarh
(Uttarakhand) are first reported from India. With this addition of these 4 species, the genus Lepidostoma is now represented by 45
species from India.
Key words: Description, diagnosis, caddisfly, Arunachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand
1. Introduction
The family Lepidostomatidae is widely distributed
throughout the northern hemisphere and extends
southwards to Panama, New Guinea, and the
Afrotropical region. It was originally described by
Ulmer (1903) as a subfamily of Sericostomatidae. It is
divided into 2 subfamilies: Lepidostomatinae Ulmer,
1903 and Theliopsychinae Weaver, 1993. Subfamily
Lepidostomatinae is represented by 2 genera in India,
Lepidostoma Rambur, 1842 and Paraphlegopteryx Ulmer,
1907. The subfamily Theliopsychinae contains a single
genus from this region, Zephyropsyche Weaver, 1993.
Ross (1944) synonymized nearly all of the Nearctic
lepidostomatid genera within Lepidostoma. Weaver (1988)
provided a synopsis of the then-known North American
species and a review of the world species (Weaver, 2002),
where he synonymized several genera with this genus,
formerly separated by secondary sexual characters of
the male. With a long list of 63 synonyms under this
genus, Weaver (2002) divided it into 4 large species
branches based on the general types of male forewing
venation that differ primarily in the anal region. These
branches include the monophyletic Lepidostoma vernale
branch, the nonmonophyletic L. podagrum branch, the
nonmonophyletic L. ferox branch, and the monophyletic L.
hirtum branch (Weaver, 2002). The Indian species of genus
Lepidostoma fall under 2 branches: the L. ferox branch and
the L. hirtum branch.
*Correspondence: [email protected]
768
In India, this genus is represented by 41 species. Of these
41 species, 17 species of Lepidostoma have been described
by Mosely (1939, 1941, 1949a, 1949b, 1949c); 5 species
by Martynov (1936); 2 species each by Malicky (1979,
2003), McLachlan (1871, 1878), Ulmer (1905, 1906), and
Weaver (1989, 2002); and 1 species by Navás (1932). One
species originally described from Thailand has also been
reported from India (Assam) (Nuntakwang et al., 2007).
One species, Lepidostoma palmipes (Ito, 1986), originally
described from Nepal, has also been reported from India
(Yang and Weaver, 2002). Saini and Parey (2011) described
4 new species of this genus in India. Parey and Saini (2012)
again described 4 new species of this genus from the
Indian Himalayas.
2. Materials and methods
Specimens examined in this study were primarily collected
using a 1-W UV (ultraviolet or “black”) light powered by
a sealed rechargeable 12-V battery. Traps were placed near
the edges of some high altitude streams for 1–3 h beginning
at dusk. The caddisfly material so collected was killed and
preserved in 70% ethyl alcohol with a drop of glycerin
added. To make detailed studies, the male genitalia were
removed with the help of fine-tipped forceps and were
treated with the lactic acid procedure described by Blahnik
et al. (2007). The genitalic terminology corresponds with
that of Weaver (1988). The type specimens are deposited
in the Museum of the Department of Zoology, Punjabi
University, Patiala, India.
PAREY and SAINI / Turk J Zool
3. Results
Genus Lepidostoma Rambur, 1842
Type species: Lepidostoma squamulosum Rambur, 1842:
493–494 (designated by Ross, 1944).
Lepidostoma curvatum sp. nov. (as shown in Figures
1–6)
Male in alcohol brown, head densely covered with
dark brown hairs. Antennal scapes (Figure 5) each 2.4
mm (n = 1) long, with a single basal process. Maxillary
palps (Figure 5) each 0.96 mm (n = 1), 2-segmented, basal
segment longer than distal segment, both segments curved
upward into c-shaped structure; distal segment hidden by
long tuft of setae. Forewings each with venation (Figure 6),
pseudocell as long as anal groove.
Male genitalia (as shown in Figures 1–4): Segment IX
annular, roundly produced in middle of posterodorsal and
posteroventral margins (Figures 1 and 2); anterolateral and
posterolateral margins nearly straight, parallel in lateral
view (Figure 3). Segment X deeply and widely excised at
its center, forming pair of plates, each plate broad at its
base with dorsolateral process slightly longer and pointed,
whereas dorsomesal process with rounded apex, both
apices bearing long setae (Figure 1); laterally segment X
rounded, its upper surface with irregular bumps bearing
long setae, dorsolateral process of segment X triangular,
projecting from center of this segment (Figure 3). Inferior
appendages each rectangular, apices branched, branches
nearly equal in length, basodorsal process of each inferior
appendage nearly cylindrical, apex slightly enlarged,
apically pointed. Phallicata apically dilated and phallobase
truncate in lateral view; 2 parameres long, nearly straight,
and subparallel, nearly as long as phallicata.
Diagnosis: The new species is a species of the
Lepidostoma ferox branch (Weaver, 2002), with an anal
groove and pseudocell in the male forewing. The male
of this species resembles that of Lepidostoma assamense
(Mosely, 1949b), but it can be differentiated from the
latter by having the single basal process of each antenna
very short and adjacent to the eye (longer and one-third
distance from the eye of L. assamense); the male forewing
vein Cu1 is separate from the fold of Cu2 from the wing
base (these veins are combined in a fold from the wing base
in L. assamense); segment X is longer than in L. assamense
and its dorsolateral processes are pointed (rounded in L.
assamense).
Female: Unknown.
Etymology: This species name pertains to the distinctly
curved basal segment of each maxillary palp.
Material examined: Holotype male INDIA: Arunachal
Pradesh; Tato, 3200 m, 28-iv-2010, collector Sajad H
Parey. Holotype deposited in the Museum of Zoology and
Environmental Sciences, Punjabi University, Patiala, India.
Lepidostoma mechukaense sp. nov. (as shown in Figures
7–11)
Male in alcohol brown. Antennal scapes (Figure 11)
each 1.4 mm (n = 1), with tiny dorsal projection at midlength. Maxillary palps each (Figure 11) 0.98 mm (n = 1),
2-segmented, basal segment 3× longer than distal one.
Length of each forewing 7.8 mm (n = 1), venation similar
as in L. curvatum.
Male genitalia (as shown in Figures 7–10): Segment IX
annular, posterodorsally extraordinarily bulged, acute at
its center, sides somewhat triangular in dorsal view (Figure
7); anterolateral and posterolateral margins concave in
lateral view (Figure 9); posteroventrally truncate in ventral
view (Figure 8). Segment X excised at its center forming
2 pairs of processes; dorsolateral processes triangular and
dorsomesal processes rounded in dorsal and lateral views
(Figures 7 and 9), apex of each process bearing setae,
dorsomesal and dorsolateral processes separated from
each other by wide space, dorsomesal processes close
together (Figure 7); in lateral view segment X broad at base
and notched at tip, dorsolateral processes each slender,
triangular (Figure 9). Inferior appendages each singlesegmented and cylindrical near base, abruptly narrowed in
slender apically blunt apicodorsal process slightly longer
than second process, basodorsal process digitate in lateral
view (Figure 9). Phallus with phallobase dilated, phallicata
cylindrical, parameres absent.
Diagnosis: Also a species in the L. ferox branch
(Weaver, 2002), the male of this species resembles that
of Lepidostoma betteni (Martynov, 1936), but it can be
differentiated from the latter by having scapes straight
(scapes curved in Lepidostoma betteni); maxillary palps
each 2-segmented, first segment straight and second
apically slightly curved (maxillary palp apparently singlesegmented and curved upwards in Lepidostoma betteni);
segment IX triangular near sides in dorsal view (segment
IX rounded near sides in dorsal view in Lepidostoma
betteni); segment X narrowly excised near center in
dorsal view (segment X broadly excised near center in
Lepidostoma betteni); dorsolateral process of segment
X acutely produced (dorsolateral process of segment X
slightly triangular of Lepidostoma betteni); basodorsal
process digitate in lateral view (basodorsal process slender
in lateral view in Lepidostoma betteni).
Female: Unknown.
Etymology: This species is named after its type locality.
Material examined: Holotype male INDIA: Arunachal
Pradesh: Mechuka, 3600 m, 29-iv-2010, collector Sajad H
Parey. Holotype deposited in the Museum of Zoology and
Environmental Sciences, Punjabi University, Patiala, India.
New species records for India:
Lepidostoma liber Malicky: (Description and figures by
Malicky 2007, p. 490, plate 11).
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PAREY and SAINI / Turk J Zool
IF
P
X
PH
IX
Figure 1
Figure 2
S
BDP
MP
Figure 5
Figure 3
LP
P
Figure 4
PH
1
2
5
Anal groove
Pseudocell
Figure 6
Figure 1. Lepidostoma curvatum sp. nov., male genitalia; dorsal view. IF = inferior appendage, X = segment X, IX = segment IX.
Figure 2. Lepidostoma curvatum sp. nov., male genitalia; ventral view. P = paramere; PH = phallicata.
Figure 3. Lepidostoma curvatum sp. nov., male genitalia; left lateral view. BDP = basodorsal process of an inferior appendage.
Figure 4. Lepidostoma curvatum sp. nov., male genitalia, phallic apparatus; left lateral view. P = paramere; PH = phallicata.
Figure 5. Lepidostoma curvatum sp. nov., head, antennal scape, and palps; right lateral view. S = antennal scape; MP = maxillary palp; LP = labial palp.
Figure 6. Lepidostoma curvatum sp. nov., right forewing; dorsal view. 1, 2, 5 = apical cells 1, 2, and 5.
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PAREY and SAINI / Turk J Zool
Figure 7
Figure 8
Figure 11
Figure 9
Figure 10
Figure 7. Lepidostoma mechukaense sp. nov., male genitalia; dorsal view.
Figure 8. Lepidostoma mechukaense sp. nov., male genitalia; ventral view.
Figure 9. Lepidostoma mechukaense sp. nov., male genitalia; left lateral view.
Figure 10. Lepidostoma mechukaense sp. nov., male genitalia, phallic apparatus; left lateral view.
Figure 11. Lepidostoma mechukaense sp. nov., head, antennal scape, and palps; right lateral view.
Material examined: India 2 males: Arunachal Pradesh,
Loomla, 07-x-2010, collector Sajad H Parey.
Lepidostoma simplex Kimmins, 1964: (Description and
figures by Kimmins, 1964, pp. 54–55, figures 48–51).
Material examined: India 4 males: Uttarakhand,
Pithoragarh, 13-vi-2008, collector Sajad H Parey.
Acknowledgements
The authors are highly thankful to Dr JC Morse (Clemson
University, USA) for his manifold help. Without his kind
support and encouragement this work would not have been
possible. The authors are also thankful to the University
Grants Commission, New Delhi, for providing financial
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PAREY and SAINI / Turk J Zool
assistance in carrying out this work. Help rendered by
other scholars, Dr Rifat H Raina, Vikram Singh Rathore,
Muzamil Ahmad, Lakhwinder Kaur, and Manpreet Singh,
is thankfully acknowledged. Necessary laboratory facilities
provided by Punjabi University, Patiala, are thankfully put
on record.
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