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SFR 100 - Topic #21: The Animal Kingdom page 1 Topic #21 The Animal Kingdom (Campbell and Reece p 654-665, 666-673, 677-692, 693-694, 697-700, 704-733 I. II. Objectives A. Describe basic groupings of animals B. Highlight important evolutionary adaptations Animal characteristics. A. Structure. 1. Eucaryotic. 2. Multicellular. 3. Tissues a) Found in early embryo stage b) Body Cavity c) Unique Tissues. SFR 100 - Topic #21: The Animal Kingdom page 2 III. B. Energy Utilization. C. Reproduction. Lines of evolution. A. No symmetry - sponges. B. C. IV. Radial symmetry Bilateral symmetry Radial symetry - Cnidaria A. Examples: B. Structure. C. Energy utilization. D. Reproduction. SFR 100 - Topic #21: The Animal Kingdom page 3 V. Bilateral Symmetry - 3 major evolutionary lineages. A. B. VI. Invertebrates 1. Lophotrochozoa 2. Ecdysozoa. Deuterostomia. Lophotrochozoans – without body cavities. A. Flatworms, tapeworms. B. Structure. C. Energy utilization. D. Reproduction. SFR 100 - Topic #21: The Animal Kingdom page 4 VII. Lophotrochozoans – with body cavities. A. Molluscs B. VIII. 1. Examples. 2. Structure: Four body parts. Annelids. 1. Examples: 2. Structure - Segmentation. 3. Energy utilization: Ecdysozoans with partial body cavities - Nematodes. A. Structure: SFR 100 - Topic #21: The Animal Kingdom page 5 IX. B. Energy utilization. C. More closely related to Arthropods than other Protostomes Ecdysozoans with complete body cavities – Arthropods. A. Largest phylum - 2 of 3 organisms. B. Structure. C. 1. Body regions and segments. 2. Exoskeleton. 3. Muscles and legs (Fig 50-32) Energy utilization. 1. Circulatory system. a) Open. (Fig. 42-3) b) 2. Gas exchange system. a) Gills for aquatics (Fig 42-21) b) Tracheal for insects (Fig 42-23) SFR 100 - Topic #21: The Animal Kingdom page 6 3. Digestion and excretory systems (Fig. 44-13) 4. Nervous/sensory system (Fig. 49-2) D. Arachnids. E. Myriapods. F. Crustaceans. SFR 100 - Topic #21: The Animal Kingdom page 7 G. Insects. 1. Most diverse animal group. 2. Adults restricted to land. 3. Structure: Three body regions 4. Energy utilization: have complete systems. 5. Reproduction. SFR 100 - Topic #21: The Animal Kingdom page 8 6. X. XI. Summary - Adaptations to land. Deuterostomes - Echinoderms A. Oceans. B. Structure. Deuterostomes – Chordates - Vertebrates. A. Characteristics. 1. Structure. SFR 100 - Topic #21: The Animal Kingdom page 9 2. Energy utilization: a) Closed circulatory system. (i) 3. Chambered heart (Fig 42-4,5) Widest range of body mass B. Fishes. C. Amphibians – Adaptations to land. SFR 100 - Topic #21: The Animal Kingdom page 10 D. E. Reptiles. 1. Structure. 2. Energy utilization. 3. Reproduction. Birds. 1. Structure. SFR 100 - Topic #21: The Animal Kingdom page 11 2. F. Energy utilization. Mammals. 1. Convergent evolution. 2. Hair. 3. Better breathing, legs, teeth, and brain. 4. Reproduction. 5. Examples SFR 100 - Topic #21: The Animal Kingdom page 12 XII. Key Terms. eucaryotic Ectoderm Endoderm Mesoderm Acoelomate Pseudocoelomate Coelom Heterotrophic ingestion No symmetry Radial symmetry Bilateral symmetry Cnidaria Nerve net Mouth Gastrovascular cavity Lophotrochozoa Ecdysozoa Deuterostomia Flatworms Ganglion complete digestive track Excretory system Internal fertilization Molluscs Visceral mass Mantle Annelids Segmentation Closed circulatory system Arthropods Mouthparts Thorax Abdomen Exoskeleton Chitin Cuticle Molts Tracheal Ventral nerve cord Arachnids Cephalothorax Myriapods Millipedes Centipedes Insects Malpighian tubules uric acid Nymphs Larvae metamorphosis Echinoderms Chordates Vertebrates Internal skeleton Backbone vertebrae Cranium Jaws Chambered heart Fishes Paired appendages Legs Ectothermic Amniotic egg Birds endothermic Mammals Convergent evolution Placental Lagomorphs Rodents Primates Carnivors Artiodactyls Cetacians