Download Geocentric Theory

The Enlightenment
• Revolution in thought led to a revolution in
politics, economics and society.
• Application of human reason to improve society
• Belief that humans were basically good and that
education and reason could improve their
condition
• Childhood was recognized as a separate stage
of growth and children’s toys and books
appeared for the 1st time
• Supported marriages based on love which
raised the status of women in family life
Beginning and Spread
• Philosophes or French philosophers discussed
heir ideas at Parisian meeting houses called
salons
• Denis Diderot (France) compiled the
Encyclopedie, which included scientific and
social scientific knowledge of the Enlightenment.
• Movement spread throughout Europe, Russia,
and Europe’s colonies in the Americas
Religious Thought
• Supported a scientific philosophy called
Deism, which held that there was a god
who created the earth, then left it to
operate by natural law
Political Thought
• John Locke (English) and Jean Jacques
Rousseau (French) wrote of the social
contract in which governments ruled by
the consent of the governed to ensure the
preservation of the natural rights of
humankind.
Social Thought
• Criminologist advocated rehabilitation for
criminals
• Mary Wollstonecraft (England) spoke out
for political rights for women
Economic Thought
• Adam Smith (Scottish) wrote The Wealth
of Nations (1776) in which he set forth a
principle of laissez-faire economics.
• Government regulation of the economy
should be minimal in order to allow for free
operation of the laws of supply and
demand.
Western Scientific Thought
• Roots in Greek and Islamic philosophy
• Principles that could be utilized for the
improvement of humankind
• Chinese thought specific facts that were
general to nature
Western Scientific Thought
• Human Body
– Vesalius of Belgium- human anatomy
– John Harvey of England- circulatory system
Geocentric Theory
Ptolemy
Earth is the center of the universe
The Scientific Revolution
• Heliocentric Theory: Sun is the center of
the universe
– Copernicus, Polish scientist
• Galileo confirmed these findings with a
telescope
Galileo to Court
• Galileo was taken to court by the Roman
Catholic Church and requiered to recant
his theories
The Scientific Revolution
• Johannes Kepler
– Discovered the elliptical pattern of planetary
motion
• Isaac Newton
– Established basic principles of motion and
described the forces of gravity
Western Scientific Thought
• Rene Descartes encouraged the educated
to develop a skeptical approach to
learning
• Francis Bacon advocated empirical
research based on observations and data