Download A) Amphiboles B) Calcite C) Hematite D) Fluorite 1. Which mineral is

1. Which mineral is composed of Calcium and Fluorine?
A) Amphiboles
B) Calcite
C) Hematite
D) Fluorite
2. The photograph below shows a broken piece of the
mineral calcite.
The calcite breaks in smooth, flat surfaces because
calcite
A) is very dense
B) is very soft
C) contains certain impurities
D) has a regular arrangement of atoms
3. Base your answer to the following question on the information below.
A student on a field trip in New York State collected a sample of metamorphic bedrock containing
bands of coarse-grained crystals of plagioclase feldspar, pyroxene, quartz, and mica.
List two of the chemical elements found in plagioclase feldspar.
4. The diagrams below show the crystal shapes of two
minerals.
Quartz and halite have different crystal shapes
primarily because
A)
B)
C)
D)
light reflects from crystal surfaces
energy is released during crystallization
of impurities that produce surface variations
of the internal arrangement of the atoms
5. The table below indicates the presence of various
minerals in different rock samples.
Which statement is an accurate conclusion based on
the information provided in the table?
A) Most rocks are monomineralic.
B) All rocks are polymineralic.
C) Many rocks have a number of minerals in
common.
D) Only igneous rocks contain quartz.
6. The diagram below shows how a sample of the
mineral mica breaks when hit with a rock hammer.
This mineral breaks in smooth, flat surfaces because it
A) is very hard
B) is very dense
C) contains large amounts of iron
D) has a regular arrangement of atoms
7. In which group are all the earth materials classified as
minerals?
A) feldspar, quartz, and olivine
B) granite, rhyolite, and basalt
C) cobbles, pebbles, and silt
D) conglomerate, sandstone, and shale
8. Which element, found in both biotite mica and
muscovite mica, makes up the greatest percent by
volume of Earth's crust?
A) nitrogen
C) potassium
B) oxygen
D) silicon
9. The diagram below represents a part of the crystal structure of the mineral kaolinite.
An arrangement of atoms such as the one shown in the diagram determines a mineral's
A) age of formation
B) infiltration rate
C) physical properties
D) temperature of formation
10. Which two rocks have the most similar mineral
composition?
A) marble and rhyolite
B) limestone and basalt
C) quartzite and rock salt
D) granite and phyllite
11. Which mineral is mined for its iron content?
A) hematite
B) fluorite
C) galena
D) talc
12. Which rock is composed of the mineral halite that formed when seawater evaporated?
A) limestone
B) dolostone
C) rock gypsum
D) rock salt
Base your answers to questions 13 and 14 on
the two tables below and on your knowledge of Earth science. Table 1 shows the composition,
hardness, and average density of four minerals often used as gemstones. Table 2 lists the minerals in
Moh's Scale of Hardness from 1 (softest) to 10 (hardest).
13. The hardness and density of each gemstone is based primarily on the gemstone’s
A) internal arrangement of atoms
B) geologic time of formation
C) oxygen content
D) natural abundance
14. Which gemstone minerals contain the two most abundant elements by mass in Earth’s crust?
A) emerald and spinel
C) sapphire and spinel
B) emerald and zircon
D) sapphire and zircon
15. The three statements below are observations of the
same rock sample:
• The rock has intergrown crystals from 2 to 3
millimeters in diameter.
• The minerals in the rock are gray feldspar, green
olivine, green pyroxene, and black amphibole.
• There are no visible gas pockets in the rock.
This rock sample is most likely
A) sandstone
B) gabbro
C) granite
D) phyllite
16. Which rock is usually composed of several different
minerals?
A)
B)
C)
D)
rock gypsum
chemical limestone
quartzite
gneiss
17. Igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks are
usually composed of
A) intergrown crystals
B) fossils
C) minerals
D) sediments
18. Which material is made mostly of the mineral
quartz?
A) sulfuric acid
B) pencil lead
C) plaster of paris
D) window glass
19. Which mineral is commonly mined as a source of
the element lead (Pb)?
A) galena
C) magnetite
B) quartz
D) gypsum
20. What do most igneous, sedimentary, and
metamorphic rocks have in common?
A)
B)
C)
D)
They are formed from molten material.
They are produced by heat and pressure.
They are composed of minerals.
They exhibit crystals, banding, and distinct
layers.
21. Silicate minerals contain the elements silicon and
oxygen. Which list contains only silicate materials?
25. Base your answer to the following question on Moh's
mineral hardness scale and on the chart below
showing the approximate hardness of some common
objects.
A) graphite, talc, and selenite gypsum
B) potassium feldspar, quartz, and amphibole
C) calcite, dolomite, and pyroxene
D) biotite mica, fluorite, and garnet
22. Base your answer to the following question on the
rock sample shown below.
The hardness of these minerals is most closely
related to the
A) mineral's color
B) mineral's abundance in nature
C) amount of iron the mineral contains
D) internal arrangement of the mineral's atoms
26. Of the Earth's more than 2,000 identified minerals,
only a small number are commonly found in rocks.
This fact indicates that most
The average size of the pebbles in the sample is
approximately
A) 1.2 cm
B) 0.2 cm
C) 6.4 cm
D) 13.2 cm
23. Which of the following show cleavage in 2
directions at 90%?
A) Pyrite
B) Pyroxene
C) Garnet
D) Fluorite
24. Which statement best describes a general property of
rocks?
A) Most rocks have a number of minerals in
common.
B) Most rocks are composed of a single mineral.
C) All rocks contain fossils.
D) All rocks contain minerals formed by
compression and cementation.
A) minerals weather before they can be identified
B) minerals have properties that are difficult to
identify
C) rocks have a number of minerals in common
D) exposed surface rocks are igneous
27. Which mineral can be found in granite, andesite,
gneiss, and hornfels?
A) quartz
B) pyroxene
C) olivine
D) biotite mica
28. The minerals talc, muscovite mica, quartz, and
olivine are similar because they
A) have the same hardness
B) are the same color
C) contain silicon and oxygen
D) break along cleavage planes
29. Which of the following elements is not found in
Plagioclase Feldspar?
A) Na
B) Al
C) Si
D) Pb
30. Most rock gypsum is formed by the
A) heating of previously existing foliated bedrock
B) cooling and solidification of lava
C) compaction and cementation of shells and
skeletal remains
D) chemical precipitation of minerals from
seawater
31. Base your answer to the following question on the map and cross section below. The shaded areas on
the map represent regions of the United States that have evaporite rock layers (layers of rock formed
from the evaporation of seawater) under the surface bedrock. The cross section shows the generalized
structure of the area in which the evaporite layers are found in New York State.
These evaporite deposits could be composed of which minerals?
A) garnet and pyroxene
B) mica and feldspar
C) hornblende and olivine
D) halite and gypsum
32. Which mineral is the major component of drywall?
A) talc
C) muscovite mica
B) calcite
D) selenite gypsum
Base your answers to questions 33 through 35 on the table below which provides information about
the crystal sizes and the mineral compositions of four igneous rocks, A, B, C, and D.
33. Rock B most likely is
A) conglomerate B) schist
C) obsidian
D) peridotite
34. The mineral quartz in rock A is composed of the two most abundant elements by mass in Earth's
crust. These two elements are oxygen and
A) magnesium
B) silicon
C) iron
D) lead
35. Which characteristic of rock B could be caused by the minerals pyroxene and olivine?
A) green color
C) folded layers
B) felsic composition
D) metallic luster
36. Base your answer to the following question on on the photographs and news article below.
Old Man’s Loss Felt in New Hampshire
FRANCONIA, N.H. — Crowds of visitors were drawn to Franconia Notch on Sunday to mourn
the loss of New Hampshire’s well-known symbol — the Old Man of the Mountain granite profile.
The 700-ton natural formation was just a pile of rocks after breaking loose from its
1,200-foot-high mountainside perch. It was unclear when the outcropping fell because clouds had
obscured the area Thursday and Friday; a state park trail crew discovered the collapse Saturday
morning.
The famous mountain’s history dates millions of years. Over time, nature carved out a 40-foot-tall
profile resembling an old man’s face, and it eventually became New Hampshire’s most recognizable
symbol.
The Buffalo News, May 5,
2003
The rock of the Old Man of the Mountain most likely includes a mineral with a composition of
A) NaCl
B) SiO2
C) FeS2
37. Which is an accurate statement about rocks?
A) Rocks are located only in continental areas of
the Earth.
B) Rocks seldom undergo change.
C) Most rocks contain fossils.
D) Most rocks have several minerals in
common.
D) PbS
38. The data table below shows the composition of six
common rock-forming minerals.
The data table provides evidence that
A)
B)
C)
D)
the same elements are found in all minerals
a few elements are found in many minerals
all elements are found in only a few minerals
all elements are found in all minerals
39. Base your answer to the following question on the graph below, which shows the crustal temperature
and pressure conditions under which three different minerals with the same chemical composition (Al
2 SiO5 ) crystallize.
Which mineral has a chemical composition most similar to andalusite, sillimanite, and kyanite?
A) pyrite
C) dolomite
B) gypsum
D) potassium feldspar
40. Base your answer to the following question on the diagram below. The arrows show the direction in
which sediment is being transported along the shoreline. A barrier beach has formed, creating a
lagoon (a shallow body of water in which sediments are being deposited). The eroded headlands are
composed of diorite bedrock. A groin has recently been constructed. Groins are wall-like structures
built into the water perpendicular to the shoreline to trap beach sand.
Which two minerals are most likely found in the beach sand that was eroded from the headlands?
A) quartz and olivine
B) plagioclase feldspar and amphibole
C) potassium feldspar and biotite
D) pyroxene and calcite
41. Which two minerals have cleavage planes at right
44. In which group do the rocks usually have the mineral
angles?
quartz as part of their composition?
A) biotite mica and muscovite mica
B) sulfur and amphibole
C) quartz and calcite
D) halite and pyroxene
42. How are the minerals biotite mica and muscovite
mica different?
A) Biotite mica is colorless, but muscovite mica is
not.
B) Biotite mica contains iron and/or
magnesium, but muscovite mica does not.
C) Muscovite mica scratches quartz, but biotite
mica does not.
D) Muscovite mica cleaves into thin sheets, but
biotite mica does not.
43. Which mineral can be found in all samples of
rhyolite and andesite?
A) pyroxene
C) biotite
B) quartz
D) potassium feldspar
A)
B)
C)
D)
granite, rhyolite, sandstone, hornfels
shale, scoria, gneiss, metaconglomerate
conglomerate, gabbro, rock salt, schist
breccia, fossel limestone, bituminous coal,
siltstone
45. Base your answer to the following question on the table below, which shows the characteristics of
four different mineral samples.
Which two mineral samples most likely have a similar internal arrangement of atoms?
A) galena and quartz
B) galena and halite
C) gold and halite
D) gold and galena
46. The table below shows some properties of four different minerals.
The minerals listed in the table are varieties of which mineral?
A) garnet
B) magnetite
C) quartz
47. Although more than 2,000 minerals have been
identified, 90% of Earth's lithosphere is composed of
the 12 minerals listed below.
The best explanation for this fact is that most rocks
A) are monomineralic
B) are composed only of recrystallized minerals
C) have a number of minerals in common
D) have a 10% nonmineral composition
48. Which mineral is commonly mined as a source of
the element lead (Pb)?
A) galena
C) magnetite
B) quartz
D) gypsum
D) olivine