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Adaptation (from an armour. Adaptare - it is adapted) - the adaptation
самоорганизующихся systems for the changed conditions of environment; 2) in
T.Parsona's theory - veshchestvenno - power interaction with an environment,
proceeding from functional conditions of existence of social system.
The excise - a kind indirect, included in the price or the tariff, taxes to the goods,
mainly mass consumption and service of private enterprises (System Garant).
The analysis - analysis, a reasoning, decomposition on components.
The analysis of break-even - scoping of marketed production at which the gain will
cover costs for the corresponding period, not bringing neither profits, nor losses.
Questioning, biographical interrogation - one of the most widespread methods of
gathering of the primary information on the subjective world of people, their
propensities, motives of activity, opinions with use of the questionnaire providing
rigidly fixed order, the maintenance and the form of the questions, clear
instructions of ways of the answer.
Assignments - of the sum of the money resources, allocated from the centralised
and decentralised sources of financial resources for a covering of expenses for
definite purposes.
Banks - the special enterprises, heat-sink money resources and the accumulation
granting the loan, carrying out monetary calculations, release of money, operations
with securities, etc.
Stock exchange - organizational issued and regularly functioning market. Kinds:
stock exchange, a commodity exchange, currency stock exchanges.
Bismarck, Оttо fon (XIX century.) - the Prussian and German statesman, the
chancellor. His social policy promoted realisation of principles of medical
insurance.
The blessings - everything, that is capable to satisfy vital needs of people, to be of
use for people, to give pleasure. Concept B. represents as nature product, as well as
human work, employees for satisfaction of material requirements of people; the
first, for example, water, wild-growing fruits and so forth, are called useful, the
second, that is products of human work, values.
The broker - the person or the firm which is carrying out functions of
intermediaries at a share, commodity, currency stock exchange. The broker sells
and buys the goods, securities, insurance policies, etc. On the instructions of the
client.
The budget - 1) unit underlying monetary system of the state; 2) type of monetary
system of the state; 3) bank notes of foreign countries, the credit and payment
documents used in international payments.
Currency - 1) unit underlying monetary system of the state; 2) type of monetary
system of the state; 3) bank notes of foreign countries, the credit and payment
documents used in international payments.
Currency course - the price of monetary unit of one country, expressed in
monetary units of other countries.
Currency parity - a parity between currencies of the different countries.
The voucher - 1) the property coupon which is given out in the course of
privatisation for acquisition of actions of the privatised enterprises; 2) the written
certificate, the commission, a guarantee or the recommendation; 3) the nominal
privatisation check.
The bill-1) the valuable paper, granting to its owner the right to reception of the
specified sum of money when due hereunder. Is released and accepted to payment
taking into account the interest rate and period of validity; 2) the Kind of a
valuable paper - the liability of form strictly established by the law. Is the
unconditional and indisputable debt document. In international trade and in an
internal turn of the developed countries it is used as one registration of credit-andmonetary relations.
Size - the quantitative characteristic of the sizes, the phenomena, signs, indicators
of their parity, degree of change, interrelation. The size, averages size distinguish
absolute size, relative. The first express the absolute sizes of the phenomenon, the
second - the relative sizes in the form of factors, percent, etc., the third - size, a
sign (indicator) counting on a unit of population.
Size of demand - quantity of the given goods or service which the buyer wishes to
buy under the concrete price during the certain period.
Virhov Rudolf (XIX century) - the German scientist and the public figure, the
doctor, the supporter of improvement of work and a life of various strata of
society.
Compensation of expenses - indemnification of expenses at the expense of cost of
the created and realised production, providing process of the simple and expanded
manufacture.
Length of service - by the labour right the period of the labour activity creating
under certain conditions the right to pension and privileges.
Money - a currency which functions as a registration unit and a store of value.
The deposit - 1) contributions to banks and savings banks. Differ: urgent, poste
restante, the conditional; 2) reserve in the bank books, confirming certain
requirements of clients to bank; 3) transferred to storage in credit institutions
securities; 4) payments in customs offices in maintenance of payment of the
customs duties and gathering; 5) payments of sums of money in judicial and
administrative agencies in maintenance of the claim, an appearance in court.
Deflijatsija - 1) the general falling of a price level; contrast of inflation; 2) a stop
of growth or absolute falling of the general price level in economy.
The dealer - 1) the businessman; 2) the person who concludes on its own behalf
transactions, acting in a role of the principal, for example "the maker of the
market" at stock exchange, the commodity businessman etc., unlike the broker or
the agent; 3) the professional participant of a securities market who are carrying
out dealer activity. The dealer can be only the legal body who is the commercial
organisation.
Discount - 1) the discount: a) a difference between the price at the moment and the
price at the moment of repayment or by face value of a valuable paper; purchase of
the financial tool till the moment of its repayment under the price which is less
than face value. b) a difference between a forward course and by immediate
delivery of currency; c) a difference between the prices for the same goods with
various delivery terms; d) fall of the price for the goods as a result of discrepancy
of its quality, contractual;) a deviation in the smaller party from a currency official
rate. f) the percent, raised by banks at the account of bills 2) the percentage income
of the buyer of the bill; 3) a difference between the price of the repayment and by
placing of the state securities. The account discount is made at the moment of
realisation of operation of the repayment of the state securities.
Post - an element in organizational structure. The term is more often applied to
places of managers, but quite often designates also places of ordinary workers.
Any post is connected by relations to one or several others a post. The system a
post and relations between them is established usually without properties of the
concrete individual. But individuals are appointed to the post depending on their
ability to consult with the official duties.
Market share - a proportion from total amount of sale of all trade marks of the
product offered by the enterprise in the certain market which is necessary on a
sales volume of one trade mark.
The grant - 1) the sum allocated from the budget of higher level in cases if it is not
enough the fixed and regulating incomes for formation of the minimum budget of
subordinate territorial level; 2) state the grant to citizens and the organisations for
other purposes; surcharge; 3) the sum of money resources allocated from the
budget to the enterprise at which expenses for manufactures and production
realisation do not become covered by received incomes, and also not maintenance
concerning low retail prices for the separate goods, realised to the population; 4)
the means betrayed, as a rule, on an irrevocable basis from the higher budget in the
firm sum for it is balanced subordinate budgets at their deficiency.
Market capacity - cumulative solvent demand of buyers. Changes in conformity
The capacity of the commodity market - is defined by volume of the realised
goods, within a year.
Health - a condition of full physical, mental and social well-being, and not just
absence of illnesses or physical or defects. The CART is proclaimed a principle,
according to which possession the highest level. Health is one of fundamental laws
of each person.
Public health services - 1) health protection of citizens - set of measures political,
economic, legal, social, cultural, scientific, medical, sanitary-and-hygienic and
against epidemic character directed on preservation and strengthening of physical
and mental health of each person, maintenance of its long active life, granting to
him medical aid in case of health loss.
Costs - the resources spent in the course of achievement of an object in view or
performance of concrete actions. Here it is possible to carry non-realised benefits.