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Tropane Alkaloids
TROPANE ALKALOIDS

The tropane alkaloids, which have the 8-azabicyclo octane nucleus,
are commonly found in plants of three families;-
1.
Solanaceae
2.
Erythroxylaceae
3.
Convolvulaceae

The alkaloids isolated from plants of these families, while
having several legitimate medicinal uses, are probably
best known for their toxic properties.

As few as three berries of henbane (Hyoscyamus niger)
or deadly nightshade (Atropa belladonna) can cause
death in infants.

The wives of the Roman emperors, Augustus and
Claudius, used deadly nightshade to murder large
numbers of Romans
Drugs
1. Belladona
2. Datura
3. Stramonium
4. Coca
BELLADONNA

B.O.
Atropa belladonna

Family
Solanaceae

P.U.
Dried leaves and flowering tops

Geographical Source;

United States,

Canada,

UK,

Germany

India.
Chemical Constituents
 Hyoscyamine
 Atropine,
 Apoatropine,
 Belladonnine,
 Scopoletin,
 Calcium
oxalate

14% acid soluble ash and 4% acid-insoluble ash.

Addition of ammonia to the alcoholic solution of scopoletin
shows blue florescence. This test is useful to detect Belladonna
poisoning.
Uses

Anticholinergic,

Narcotic

Sedative,

Diuretic

Mydriatic

Anodyne

To check secretion

It relieves spasm of gut or respiratory tract.

Consumption of Belladonna checks excessive perspiration
of patients suffering from tuberculosis
DATURA HERB

B.O.
Datura metel

Family Solanaceae

P.U.

Geographical Source
Dried leaves and flowering tops
 Pakistan
 India,
 England
 tropical
and subtropical countries.
Chemical Constituents

Hyoscine (scopolamine) is the main alkaloid,

While l-hyoscyamine (scopoline) and atropine are present in
very less quantities.
Uses

It exhibits anticholinergic and CNS depressant effects.

The drug is used in cerebral excitement, asthma and in cough.

The Rajpoot mothers are said to smear their breasts with the
juice of the D. metel leaves, to poison their newly born female
infants.
COCA LEAVES

B.O.

Family Erythroxylaceae

P.U.

Geographical Source

Erythroxylon coca
Leaves
It is mainly found in Bolivia, Peru, Indonesia, Ceylon, Java
and India.
Chemical Constituents

Cocaine

Annamyl Cocaine

Cocamine.
Uses

As a cerebral and muscle stimulant, especially during
convalescence, to relieve nausea, vomiting and pains
of the stomach without upsetting the digestion.

Cocaine also has local anesthetic action on skin and
mucous membrane; and is used as dental anaesthesia
and minor local surgery of ophthalmic, ear, nose and
throat.

Chemical structure of cocaine has lead to several
synthetic annaesthetics like novocain, stovain, etc.
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