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Precision Agriculture Smart Farm Stations Yunxin Li and Raymond Wang Motorola Australian Research Centre Changing Farm Environment Merging and Consolidatiion – Run by corporations instead of families – Larger areas per farm Increasing Global Competition – Proifits from crop quality as well as quantity – Costs and productivity improvement • – More sophysticated machinery and equipment per farmer Sustainable growth Increasing Environmental Concerns – Land and environment conservation – Polution reduction – Natural disaster damage control Evolving Farming Technology Today Tomorrow Electrical and mechanical Information Hardware oriented Software oriented Manual and on-site control Automatic and remote control Independent dumb machines Networked smart machines User and environment demanding User and environment friendly Unpredictable quality and quantity Predictable in quality and quantity Precision Agriculture is an environment friendly system solution that optimizes product quality and quantity while minimising cost, human intervention and the variation caused by unpredictable nature. Precision Agriculture Solutions •Wireless integrated •Zero configuration •Location awareness •Wired, Bulky •User demanding •Manual •Unreliable System Architecture •Multi-hop •10-100m per hop 10-25 acre •smart antennas Zones Smart Farm Station Base Station Farmhouse Farmer System Requirements Low-cost, low-power, small size networking devices – unliscenced band – short distance per hop – low date rate • Sensor information data < 50 bps/zone – low mobility Long Battery life (> 8 months) Robust to environment variation – temperature, humidity, rain, wind, growing plants User friendly – Minimal network set-up and configuration – Minimal network management System Requirements Characteristic Data rate (effective, not raw) Value or Range Scalable from 600 bps to 64 kbps 50 meters Range (free space) 8 months Battery life (with normal product usage) Latency (time between data ready for sending in 1 second appl. to data received by other appl.) Effectively unlimited Nodes per network Topology (master-slave/peer-to-peer, routing, Peer-to-peer and multi-hop routing repeaters) Short packet, bursty and Types of traffic (small/big packets, asynchronous steady/bursty, asynch/isoc) optional Security (yes/no/optional) RF output power (units such as dBm, subjective <1 dBm, with automatic power control such as controllable) Duty Cycle (what percentage of time the device 1/1024 ~ 1/16 has its RX/TX active) -40C ~ +85C Temperature (industrial or indoor) Worry-free Tomorrow