Download Document

INTERGRATED
CIRCUITS
LECTURE 17
INTERGRATED CIRCUITS
History of Electronic Devices
1st Generation Electron tubes
LECTURE 17
2nd Generation
Semiconductor Devices, Diode and single Transistor
3rd Generation
Small Scale Integrated Circuits (SSI): Less than 100 Transistors per Integrated Circuit or chip
Medium Scale Integrated Circuits (MSI): 100 to 1000 Transistors per Integrated Circuit or chip
4th Generation
Large Scale Integrated Circuits (LSI): 1000 to 10000 Transistors per Integrated Circuit or chip Very
Large Scale Integrated Circuits (VLSI): 10000 to 1 million Transistors per Integrated Circuit or chip.
5th Generation
Ultra Large Scale Integrated Circuits (ULSI): over 1 million Transistors per Integrated Circuit or Chip
Silicon Wafer Production
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AMgQ1-HdElM
6th Generation
Name of this technology yet to be determined: Over one billion transistors per
Integrated Circuit or Chip
10-Core Xeon Westmere-EX 2,600,000,000 2011 Intel 32 nm 512 mm²
Radio shack notes p80-91
You tube: the intergrated circuit http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uSRIc-sEgPw
Voltage comparator
555 audio oscillator
Collin's Lab: Exploratory IC torching
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qsP06waTvQY
7404 IC six independent positive logic NOT GATES (INVERTERS)
DIFFERENT PACKAGE STYLES FOR IC’s
TYPES OF IC SOCKETS
GREAT WEB SITE FOR ELECTRONICS
http://www.williamson-labs.com/
Q
A
B
Q
Digital logic animation
http://www.williamson-labs.com/480_logic.htm
ELECTRONIC TOOLBOX: APP FOR IPHONE
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=377dquuny4w
.[iPad] iCircuit .
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rz_EfwJGIes
The BCD method codes each decimal digit in
binary and stores it in its own byte. The binary
method converts the entire decimal number into a
binary number.
Transistor NOR Gate
A
B
Q
A
B
Q
A
B
Q
A tristate buffer can be thought of as a
switch. If B is on, the switch is closed. If B is
off, the switch is open.
EXAMPLE OF COMBINATIONAL LOGIC CIRCUIT
Truth Table for Logic Gate Combination
Inputs
Outputs
A
B
C
D
E
Q
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
0
1
1
DIGITAL LOGIC EXAMINATION QUESTION - 2
EXAMPLE LOGIC CIRCUITS
http://www.technologystudent.com/elec1/digq2.htm
http://www.technologystudent.com/elec1/dig5.htm
BCD-to-Seven-Segment Decoders/Drivers
4-to-1 Channel Multiplexer
Addressing Input
Selected
b
a
0
0
A
0
1
B
1
0
C
1
1
D
4 Channel Multiplexer using Logic Gates
Multiplexer Symbol
The Demultiplexer
4 Channel Demultiplexer using Logic Gates
1-to-4 Channel De-multiplexer
Addressing Input
Selected
b
a
0
0
A
0
1
B
1
0
C
1
1
D
Demultiplexer Symbol
The Digital Encoder
Unlike a multiplexer that selects one individual data input line and then sends that data to a
single output line or switch, a Digital Encoder more commonly called a Binary Encoder takes
ALL its data inputs one at a time and then converts them into a single encoded output.
4-to-2 Bit Binary Encoder
Positional Encoders
Binary Output
Compass Direction
Q0
Q1
Q2
North
0
0
0
North-East
0
0
1
East
0
1
0
South-East
0
1
1
South
1
0
0
South-West
1
0
1
West
1
1
0
North-West
1
1
1
Binary Decoder
A Decoder is the exact opposite to that of an "Encoder". It is basically, a combinational type logic
circuit that converts the binary code data at its input into one of a number of different output lines,
one at a time producing an equivalent decimal code at its output.
A 2-to-4 Binary Decoders.
The Basic SR Flip-flop
Truth Table for this Set-Reset Function
State
S
R
Q
Q
Description
1
0
1
0
Set Q » 1
1
1
1
0
no change
0
1
0
1
Reset Q » 0
1
1
0
1
no change
0
0
0
1
memory with Q
=0
0
0
1
0
memory with Q
=1
Set
Reset
Invalid
GOOD WEB SITE FOR ELECTRONICS
http://www.williamson-labs.com/
S R Q Q
0 0 0
0
0 0 1
1
0 1 X 0
1 0 X 1
1 1 X Invalid
4-bit Parallel-in to Parallel-out Shift Register
Basic Movement of Data through a Shift Register
Clock Pulse No
QA
QB
QC
QD
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
2
0
1
0
0
3
0
0
1
0
4
0
0
0
1
5
0
0
0
0
Frequency Division using Toggle Flip-flops
4-bit, 16 Divide by 2 Counter
THE 4017B DECADE COUNTER
http://www.technologystudent.com/elec1/count1.htm
74LS00 Pin Assignment :
7400 Logic Diagram