Download word formation processes of the terms used by

WORD FORMATION PROCESSES OF THE TERMS USED BY
CLOTHES ONLINE SHOPS IN BLACKBERRY MESSENGER
THESIS
BY
PUJI RAHAYU
NIM 105110104111008
STUDY PROGRAM OF ENGLISH
DEPARTMENT OF LANGUAGES AND LITERATURE
FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES
UNIVERSITAS BRAWIJAYA
2014
Rahayu, Puji. 2014. Word Formation Processes of the Terms Used by Clothes
Online Shops in Blackberry Messenger. English Study Program, Department of
Languages and Literature, Faculty of Cultural Studies, Universitas Brawijaya.
Supervisor: Emy Sudarwati; Co. Supervisor: Ida Puji Lestari.
[email protected]
Keywords: Word Formation Process, Term, Clothes Online Shop, Blackberry,
Blackberry
Messenger, BBM.
ABSTRACT
As the language develops every time, there are new languages and terms
emerge day by day in the society. A new language and term use new words that we
can relate to the one of linguistics branches of the morphological aspect namely word
formation process. Word formation process is the process of creating new word and
terms from the use of old words. One of the language phenomenon is in the practice
of language used in online shop business specifically clothes online shops sold in
Blackberry Messenger in Blackberry Smartphone. Clothes online shop is a popular
shopping way nowadays because it offers the practical way of shopping for the
buyers. People as the consumer prefer to buy their clothes practically by using
Internet in clothes online shops rather than going to the clothes shops such as
boutiques, mall, department store, or traditional market. Clothes online shop is the
clothes shop which sells many clothes of man, woman and also children by uploading
their pictures via Internet as the main marketing tool. It is sold via websites or social
media such as Twitter, Facebook, Instagram, Blackberry Messenger, and many
others. In this case, the writer observed the clothes online shops which are sold in
Blackberry Messenger through the group conversation and clothes information in
clothes online shops. This research is aimed at finding out; (1). The list of the terms
used in clothes online shops, also (2). The word formation processes of the terms
used by clothes online shops.
WORD FORMATION PROCESS
Yule (1985, p.53-60) defines word formation process as a way of forming and
creating new words from the use of old words. Bauer (1983, p.1) argues that the use
of word formation is of value when the rules for the formation of words are not
identical with the rules for the formation of sentences. It means that word formation
is specifically formed words with the certain processes. According to Yule (1985,
p.53-60) it is stated that there many types of word formation processes. They are
coinage, borrowing, compounding, blending, clipping, backformation, conversion,
acronym, derivation, prefix and suffix, and multiple processes.
1. Coinage
Coinage process as the way of creating the new word with referring to the
most topical sources which are invented to the trade names for certain commercial
products. Than it is become the general terms used in society. As the examples are
the commercial products such as Aqua, Indomie, Soklin, Honda, and so on. People
tend to call any mineral water’s product with “Aqua”, although the brand is “Club”
or “Anda”.
2. Borrowing
Borrowing process is the way of creating new word with taking over of words
from other languages and using continually in society. For example the word
umbrella in English has borrowed from Italian in 1609.
3. Compounding
Compounding process as the way of creating new word with joining of two
separate words into a single form to describe something new. For example the two
words wall and papper which have different meaning taking together become a
single form of word as wallpaper which has a different meaning from those two
words.
4. Blending
Different from compounding process that is joining two separate words into a
single form, blending process has a little bit difference. Blending process is the way
of creating new word with combining two separate forms of words to produce a
single new term. Typically blending process is accomplished by taking only the
beginning of one word and joining it to the end of the other word. For example the
term brunch for breakfast and lunch and the term modem for modulator and
demodulator.
5. Clipping
Clipping is the process of reducing the elements of word. This process occurs
when a word of more than one syllable is reduced into a shorter form. As the
example the word advertisement becomes ad and the word brother becomes bro.
6. Backformation
Backformation is specialized type of reduction process. Typically a word of
one type (e.g noun) is reduced to form a word of another type (e.g verb). For
example the word babysitter becomes babysit and the word donation becomes a verb
donate.
7. Conversion
Conversion is the process of changing the function of words. For example the
words in the form of noun changes become verb. It sounds similar with
backformation process but actually it is different. In conversion process, it is without
the occurrences of reduction process. Yule (1985, p.57) states that conversion also
can be mentioned as category changes and functional shift. For example a noun chair
become verb in the statement “we have to chair this meeting” and a verb stand up
changes become a noun “stand up comedy”.
8. Acronym
Acronym is the process of creating new word with forming from the initial
letters of a set of other words. For example the long word Automatic Teller Machine
becomes ATM.
9. Derivation
Derivation process as the way of creating a new word that accomplished by
means of a large number of small bits (e.g affixes) of the English language which are
not usually given separate listings in dictionaries. For example the word elements
un-, mis-, pre-, -ful, -less which appear in words unhappy, misinformation,
prejudge, meaningful, and careless are called affixes.
10. Prefixes and Suffixes
Both prefixes and suffixes processes are included into affixes. Prefixes are
the affixes which are added at the beginning of the words (e.g un-, mis-, im-). While
he defines suffixes are the affixes which are added at the end of the words (e.g –less,
-ness, -ish). As the example of prefixes are unforgettable, misunderstanding, and
impossible. While, the examples of suffixes are useless, loneliness, boyish, and so
on.
11. Multiple process
Multiple process is the way of creating a new word with more than one processes at
work in the certain word. For example the word waspish is coming from the word
White Anglo-Saxon Protestant as the acronym process because it is abbreviated into
the initial letter “wasp” and then, it is added with the suffix –ish as the derivation
process.
RESEARCH METHOD
The writer used document analysis as the research method. Document analysis
is used as the method to get the list of the terms used in clothes online shops based on
the clothes information and group interaction to answer the first problem. The writer
also did an interview as the instrument to get the data about the meaning of the terms.
The writer took three clothes online shop groups in Blackberry Messenger based on
their selling system; Starmoon Fashion (wholesaler), Ochilicious Shop (retail), and
Fey Collection (wholesaler and retail). Then, the writer classified and analyzed their
terms into the word formation process to answer the second research problem.
NO.
TERMS
MEANING
C
O
I
1.
2.
PO
Open PO
3.
Close PO
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
LD
PD
Fit
Matt
Ready
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
Ori
Sr
Pcs
Ecer
Kw
Sis
Min
Combi
Free
TT
Return
Keep
Join
All size
Sup
Couple
PM
Wait
Cancel
Rekap
Booked
Dropship
Eks
Murmer
Inner
Mix
W
Set
@
Limit
Semi
TOTAL
Purchase Order, Pre-Order
Open Purchase Order, Open
Pre-Order
Close Purchase Order, Close
Pre-Order
Lingkar Dada
Panjang Dress
Muat
Material
Siap kirim, Tersedia
Original
Seri
Pieces
Satuan, Perbiji
Kualitas
Sista, Sister
Minimal
Combination
Gratis, Bonus
Transfer Transaction
Tukar
Simpan Pesanan
Gabung
Satu Ukuran
Supplier
Pasangan
Private Message
Tunggu
Batal
Rekapitulasi
Sudah Dipesan
Kirim dari Supplier
Ekspedisi
Murah Meriah
Baju Dalam
Campur
Warna
Setelan, Satu paket
Masing-masing, Per
Limited, Limitation
Mirip
TYPES OF WORD FORMATION PROCESS
B
C
B
C
B
C
A
D
P
M
O O L
L
F
O C
E
&
P
R
M
N
R
R
S
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
-
√
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
√
0
√
12
0
1
4
2
0
2
0
0
17
RESULT
The result of this research showed that there were 39 terms used in clothes
online shops which have total 38 terms containing word formation processes. There
were 17 terms of multiple process, 12 terms of borrowing process, four terms of
clipping process, two terms of acronym process, two terms of backformation process,
and the last is one term of blending process. There was one term (@) that cannot be
classified into word formation process because it is included into a symbol.
Therefore, there were only 38 of 39 terms that can be analyzed by using the word
formation process.
CONCLUSION
As we can see from the result, it shows that word formation process theory
plays the important roles in the word construction in a language. It is showed with the
existence of word formation process found in the clothes online shop’s terms.
Besides, it also shows that Indonesia as a developing country is more familiar with
technology development. It is showed with the great development in shopping sector
with the existence of online shop by using Internet technology. Due to its
development, online shop can be a solution to save our precious time nowadays.
Indonesia also shows great development by the openness and adeptness many
new things. For example the acceptance of other language, Indonesian people are
more familiar with English as an international language. As we know, English is an
international language used by almost every nation in the world. The other example is
the acceptance of new culture and fashion such as Korean culture and style. It is
usually called as Korean Wave that being the most popular style in Indonesia
nowadays. It can be concluded that in this modern era, Indonesian has great
development with expansions in many sectors and more open minded with an
international thinking by the acceptance with other languages and cultures. As a
developing country, Indonesia should have an international thought and accept many
changes and developments for a better generation.
Finally, writer suggests the future researchers to enrich the field of
morphology, by possibly exploring other numerous up to date object with different
theory for word formation process. Moreover, they can correlate their researches with
the technology development in the society that employ the technique of word
formation processes.
REFERENCES
Ari, Donald, & Jacobs, L. Cheser, & Razavieh, A. (2002). Introduction to
research in education. Australia: Wadsworth.
Annesya, Devania. (2011) . Teknik pengumpulan data: wawancara dan fgd
(forum group discussion). Retrieved October 19, 2013, from
Jornal
Phobia: http://frenndw.wordpress.com/2011/03/15/teknik pengumpulandata-wawancara-dan-fgd-forum-group-discussion/.
Berg, Bruce. L. (2004). Qualitative research methods for the social sciences:
5th Edition. USA: Pearson Education, Inc.
Biber Douglas, Conrad.S, Leech.G. (2002). Student grammar of spoken
and written english. England: Pearson Education Limited.
Bolinger, Dwight. (1975). Aspect of language: 2nd edition. USA: Harcourt
Brace Jovanovich, Inc.
Bauer, Laurie (1983). English word-formation. New York: Cambridge
University Press.
Creswell, John W. (1998). Qualitative inquiry and research design:
choosing among five traditions. Calofornia: Sage Publications.
Definisi online shop. (2013). Retrieved October 15, 2013, from
http://carabelajarbisnis.blogspot.com/2013/01/definisi-online shop.html?m=1.
Fikry, Bagus. (2011). Pengertian dan definisi toko online. Retrieved
October
15,
2013,
from
http://gusfikom.blogspot.com/2011/01/pengertian-dan-definisi
toko -online.html/
Fromkin, Victoria et al. (2011). An introduction to language: 9th edition.
Canada: Cengage Learning.
Jenkinson, B. Edward (1967). What is language: and other teaching units for
grades seven through twelve. USA: Indiana University Press.
Lestari, Devy (2013). Perkembangan blackberry di indonesia. Retrieved
October
15,
2013,
from
http://devy
lestari.blogspot.com/2013/03/perkembangan-blackberry-di
indonesia_10.html?m=1.
Nida, A. Eugene (1949). Morphology, the descriptive analysis of words:
Second Edition. USA: The University of Michigan.
Nuralam, Annisa Pandansari. (2012). Word formation processes in the
jargons used among the members of kaskus internet forum
community. Unpublished Thesis. Malang: Universitas Brawijaya.
Oxford learner’s pocket dictionary: fourth edition. (2008). New York:
Oxford University Press.
Poole. C, Stuart. (1999). An introduction to linguistics. New York: Palgrave.
Scalise, Sergio. (1984). Generative morphology. Dordrecht, Netherlands:
Foris Publications Holland.
Wibisono, B Kunto. (2012). Bahasa inggris sudah menjadi bahasa kedua
indonesia. Retrieved December
18,
2013,
from
http://m.antarnews.com/berita/339952/bahasa-inggris-sudah
menjadi-bahasa-kedua-indonesia.htm.
What is online shopping? (2013). Retrieved October 26, 2013, from
http://m.wisegeek.org/what-is-online-shopping.htm.
Winsky (n.d.). Institut media baru Indonesia: perkembangan blackberry di
Indonesia.
Retrieved
October
18,
2013,
from
http://komunikasi.us/index.php/mata-kuliah/dnmn/857
perkembangan-blackberry-di-indonesia/.
Yule, George. (2010). The study of language: 4th edition. Cambridge.
Yule, George. (1985). The study of language: 2th edition. Cambridge
Yuliana. (2013). The word formation processes of traveling terms in black
meetings & tourism magazine. Unpublished Thesis. Malang:
Universitas Brawijaya.
Wardhaugh, Ronald. (1998). An Introduction to Sociolinguistics.
Blackwell Publishing.
Australia: