Download The Vietnam War

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DIRECTIONS: Use Chapter 31 Lesson 3 (pgs. 754-757) to fill in the following guided reading notes.
The Korean War
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Japan controlled Korea until 1945. In August 1945, the Soviet Union and the United States agreed to
divide Korea into two zones at the 38th parallel.
How did they plan to reunify Korea after WWII? Hold elections
After relations between the US and USSR grew worse what two separate governments emerged in
Korea? (BE SPECIFIC!) Communist North and Anti-Communist South
Tension between the governments increased. With the apparent approval of Joseph Stalin, the
Communist North Korea troops invaded S. Korea on June 25, 1950
What did President Truman see this as? Another example of Communist aggression and expansion
He gained the approval of the United Nations and sent U.S. troops to repel the invaders.
In October, UN forces, mostly American, marched across the 38th with the aim of unifying Korea.
Greatly alarmed, what 2 things did the Chinese do? sent hundreds of thousands of troops and pushed UN forces back across the 38th parallel
After three years of fighting who won? no final victory
An armistice was finally signed in 1953.
What remains the boundary line between North and South Korea today? 38th parallel
To many Americans, the policy of containing communism had succeeded in Asia, just as it had earlier in Europe.
What did the Korean War also confirm? American fears of communist expansion
What was the US now more determined than ever to contain? Soviet Power
What type of policy did the administration of President Dwight D. Eisenhower adopt in the 1950’s? massive retaliation
Under this policy how would the US respond to any Soviet advance, even a ground attack in Europe? American nuclear bombs
Moreover, it was after the Korean War that American military alliances were extended around the world.
The Cuban Missile Crisis
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During the administration of JFK the Cold War confrontation between the US and USSR reached frightening levels.
What was the name of the left-wing revolutionary who overthrew the Cuban dictator? Fidel Castro
What did he set up? Soviet supported Totalitarian regime
Having a Socialist regime with Communist contacts so close to the mainland was considered to be a threat to the security of the US.
President Kennedy feared that if he moved openly against Castro, then the Soviets might retaliate by moving against Berlin
As a result, the stage may now be set for the two superpowers to engage in what? Nuclear war
What was the plan that the CIA proposed? Exiled Cuban fighters would invade Cuba at the Bay of Pigs
What was the purpose of this invasion? overthrow Castro
The invasion, which began on Sunday, April 16, 1961, was a disaster.
By Wednesday, the exiled fighters began surrendering.
How many died? 114 What happened to the rest? captured
After the Bay of Pigs, the Soviets sent advisors to Cuba. In 1962 Khrushchev began to place nuclear missiles in Cuba, which meant counteract
US nuclear weapons placed in Turkey
29. The US was not willing to allow nuclear weapons within such close striking distance of its mainland.
30. In October 1962, what did Kennedy find out? Soviet ships carrying missiles toward Cuba
31. What did Kennedy’s decide to do in response to these ships? Blockade them from getting to Cuba
32. Khrushchev agreed to turn back the fleet and removeSoviet missilesfrom Cuba if Kennedy pledged not to invadeCuba.
33. What was the name of this crisis? Cuban Missile Crisis
34. In 1992, a high-ranking Soviet officer revealed that short range rockets armed with nuclear devices would have been used against _US troops if
the US had invaded Cuba.
35. A hotline communications system between Moscow and Washington DC, was installed in 1963.
The Vietnam War
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By 1963, the US had been drawn into a new conflict that had an important impact on the Cold War – the Vietnam War.
Which country became independent of the U.S. in 1946? Philippines
Great Britain also ended its colonial rule in Southeast Asia. France refused, however, to let go of Indochina. This led to a long war in Vietnam.
Who was the leader of the local Communist Party that led the struggle against the French colonial rule in Vietnam? Ho Chi Minh
In August 1945, the Vietminh, an alliance of forces under Communist leadership seized power throughout most of Vietnam.
Who was elected president of the new republic in Hanoi? Ho Chi Minh
Refusing to accept the new government, France fought Ho Chi Minh’s Vietminh, for control of S. Vietnam without success.
In 1954, after a huge defeat at Dien Bien Phu, what did France agree to sign? Geneva Peace Accords
China and the Soviet Union wanted to avoid another conflict with the US, so they pressured the Vietnam to agree to a temporary partition of
Vietnam.
Vietnam was divided into 2 parts. In the north there were the Communists, based in Hanoi; in the south, the non-Communists based in Saigon.
Both sides agreed to hold elections in two years to create a single government.
Instead, the conflict continued and Vietnam soon became part of the Cold War.
The US, opposed the spread of communism, aided the South Vietnam under
nationalist leader Ngo Dinh Diem.
Who were the Viet Cong? South Vietnamese Communist Guerrillas
supported by N. Vietnam
In March 1965, who sent troops to South Vietnam to keep the Communist
regime of North Vietnam from gaining control of South Vietnam? _President
Johnson
Define Domino Theory:
idea that if one country falls to communism neighboring countries will also fall________
How did North Vietnam respond to the American troops? sent more forces into S. Vietnam
Despite massive superiority in equipment and firepower of the American forces, the US failed to defeat the North Vietnamese.
What did the growing number of American troops produce in the U.S? anti-war movement
The mounting destructionof the conflict, seen on TV, also turned public opinion against the war.
President Johnson, condemned _ for his handling of the costlyand indecisive war, decided not to run for re-election.
Who won the election? Richard Nixon
What was his pledge? Stop the war and bring the American people together
In 1973, President Nixon reached an agreement with North Vietnam in the Paris Peace Accords that allowed the US to withdraw its forces.
What happened to Vietnam after the US withdrew its forces? Communist Forces from the North united Vietnam
Did the success of the North Vietnamese Communist’s prove the domino theory to be correct? No
A noisy split between Communist China and the Soviet Union put an end to the Western idea that there was a single form of communism
directed by Moscow.
What happened with relations between China and the US under Nixon? resumed
Did new nations in Southeast Asia manage to avoid Communist rule? Yes