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pH, Buffers, and Water Notes General Biology pH, water notes outline Acids, bases Properties 1. pH scale 1. high surface ten. 2. acids 2. capillary action 3. bases 3. high heat of vap. 4. neutral 4. resists temp II. Stable environment 5. expands when freezes III. Water universal solvent transport vessel I. pH…. • Measure of how acidic or basic a solution is • Scale ranges from 0-14 Acid: forms H+ ions in water, pH <7 examples: lemon juice, vinegar Base: forms OH- ions in water, pH > 7 examples: blood, ammonia Neutral: pH = 7 Organisms need stable environments to survive and perform chemical reactions so…. BUFFERS help to maintain steady pH (homeostasis) by adding or taking H+ ions as needed to neutralize a solution Water (h2o) • Water takes up 70-95 % of most organisms • Most important compound in living organisms, acts as a universal solvent and transport vessel Water • Covers ¾ of the earth, most common liquid • Polar molecule because O and H share electrons unequally 5 properties of water that make life on earth possible: 1. High Surface Tension – Water molecules stick together (cohesion) 2. Capillary Action – Water molecules are attracted to other molecules (adhesion) and can creep up thin tubes; allows for movement and transport •3. High Heat of Vaporization – Lots of energy required to evaporate; helps cool body by removing heat when sweating 4. Resists Temperature Change – Keeps organisms’ environment stable 5. Expands when freezes Causes ice to float, forms soil by cracking rocks