Download Liquid Swine Manure Nutrient Utilization Project

Liquid Swine Manure Nutrient
Utilization Project
John Sawyer
John Lundvall
Antonio Mallarino
Sudipta Rakshit
Monica Barbazan
Daniel Barker
Angie Rieck-Hinz
Liquid Swine Manure Nutrient Utilization Project, Iowa State Univ., 2004
Liquid Swine Manure
Nutrient Utilization Project
 Field
Demonstration Objectives:
Work with producers to implement manure
strip application demonstrations
 Calibrate liquid swine manure application
 Document manure nutrient content,
variability, and intended vs. applied nutrients
 Document crop productivity based on liquid
swine manure N and P
 Compare manure nutrient availability to
fertilizer N and P
 Monitor agronomic and environmental soil
test P

Liquid Swine Manure Nutrient Utilization Project, Iowa State Univ., 2004
Methods and
Demonstration Activities
 2000-2003

46 sites and 16 cooperators
 Pre-sample
manure
Swine finishing facilities
 Under-building pit or outdoor cement tank (2)
 Dip from surface or probe depth

 Multiple

manure samples during application
Pits stirred during application
 Calibrate

applicator
Weight, speed, flow/rate monitor
Liquid Swine Manure Nutrient Utilization Project, Iowa State Univ., 2004
Methods and
Demonstration Activities
 Replicated
manure strips applied to corn
and soybean
None, Low, and High manure rates
 Residual-year corn following prior application

 Fall and spring injected manure
 Except Clay sites where manure broadcastincorporated next day
Liquid Swine Manure Nutrient Utilization Project, Iowa State Univ., 2004
Methods and
Demonstration Activities
 Fertilizer
rate plots superimposed on each
manure rate strip


0, 40, 80,120 lb N/acre (corn-soybean)
0, 60, 120,180 lb N/acre (corn-corn)


Blanket fertilizer applied to mask manure P and K
0, 20, 40, 60 lb P2O5/acre

Blanket fertilizer applied to mask manure N and K
 Yield,
routine soil tests, environmental P
tests, soil nitrate, leaf greenness, cornstalk
nitrate, post-harvest profile nitrate, aerial
images
Liquid Swine Manure Nutrient Utilization Project, Iowa State Univ., 2004
Pre-Application and At-Application Manure Analyses
Liquid Swine Manure Sample Analyses
Pre-Sample Analysis, lb N, P
K 2O/1,000 gal
2 O 5,
or
90
Site Average Presample Minus At Application
Total N:
-4.6%
Total P2O5: -9.1%
Total K2O: 0.4%
80
70
60
T otal N
T otal P
T otal K
50
40
30
20
10
0
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Average at Application Site Analysis, lb N, P 2O 5 or K 2O/1,000 gal
Liquid Swine Manure Nutrient Utilization Project, Iowa State Univ., 2004
90
Analysis – Calibration – Application
Applied Rate, lb Total N or P
2O 5 /acre
Liquid Swine Manure
Intended Rate versus Applied Rate
500
400
300
T otal N
T otal P
1:1 Line
200
100
0
0
50
100
150
Intended Rate, lb T otal N or P 2O 5/acre
Liquid Swine Manure Nutrient Utilization Project, Iowa State Univ., 2004
200
Intended Manure Nutrient Application Rate
Frequency Distribution
Percent of Intended Liquid Swine Manure Rate
10
50 Applications
Number of Site Applications
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
<70
75
80
85
90
95
100
105
110
115
120
Percent of Intended Rate As Applied (Based on T otal N or P 2O 5)
Liquid Swine Manure Nutrient Utilization Project, Iowa State Univ., 2004
125
>125
At-Application Manure Nutrient Analyses
Liquid Swine Manure Sample Analyses
All Site Average
N: 53 lb total N/1000 gal
P: 33 lb total P2O5/1000 gal
K: 34 lb total K2O/1000 gal
N:P2O5 ratio: 1.62
14
12
Individual Sample Difference From
Site Average, lb/1,000 gal
10
8
6
4
2
0
-2 10
20
30
40
50
60
70
-4
-6
-8
-10
-12
-14
Average Site Analysis, lb N, P 2O 5 or K 2O/1,000 gal
Liquid Swine Manure Nutrient Utilization Project, Iowa State Univ., 2004
80
T otal N
T otal P
T otal K
Ammonium-N in Liquid Swine Manure
Total-N
NH4-N
mg N per liter
Fraction
NH4-N
%
Mean
6,360
5,267
83.6
Std Dev
n
1,335
97
1,189
13
Liquid Swine Manure Nutrient Utilization Project, Iowa State Univ., 2004
Liquid Swine Manure Nutrient Utilization Project, Iowa State Univ., 2004
Ahead or Behind Technology?
Liquid Swine Manure Nutrient Utilization Project, Iowa State Univ., 2004
Liquid Swine Manure Nutrient Utilization Project, Iowa State Univ., 2004
Corn Strip Yield Response to
Liquid Swine Manure
Yield increase could
be due to N, P, K, or
other component
since all contained
in the manure
 However, due to soil
test levels, most
increase expected
from manure-N

(Average: Low - 84 and
High - 176 lb total
N/acre)
Average Yield Increase
To Manure Application
Sites
14 C-S
4 C-C
All
Manure Rate
Low
High
bu/acre
25
35
37
48
28
38
2000-2003
Liquid Swine Manure Nutrient Utilization Project, Iowa State Univ., 2004
Corn Yield Response to Swine Manure
and Additional Fertilizer N
Mean Response -- C-S and C-C Sites
None
Low Sw ine Manure Rate
Yield
Inc.
to N
LSNT
bu/acre
ppm
2000
31
12
77
15
23
183
-3
36
2001
42
9
87
19
12
178
7
17
2002
72
7
88
44
10
186
25
13
2000-03
43
10
84
25
15
176
8
22
Year
Manure
Total N
Yield
Inc.
to N
High Sw ine Manure Rate
LSNT
lb N/acre bu/acre ppm
w/out Plym outh 2000 s ite; 2000-2003 16 s ites .
Liquid Swine Manure Nutrient Utilization Project, Iowa State Univ., 2004
Manure
Total N
Yield
Inc.
to N
LSNT
lb N/acre bu/acre ppm
Corn Response to Liquid Swine Manure and Fertilizer N
Mean of Five C-S Sites – 2000-2001
Yield (bu/acre)
200
160
No Manure
120
80 lb Total-N/acre
80
154 lb Total-N/acre
40
Relative SPAD, %
0
100
90
80
70
Stalk Nitrate (ppm)
60
6000
4000
2000
0
0
40
80
120
Fertilizer N Rate (lb N/acre)
Liquid Swine Manure Nutrient Utilization Project, Iowa State Univ., 2004
Soil Nitrate
Corn Yield Increase to Fertilizer N and Liquid Swine Manure Rate
2000 - 2003
120
Corn Yield Increase (bu/acre)
100
80
60
None
Low
High
40
20
0
0
10
20
30
40
-20
LSNT (ppm)
Liquid Swine Manure Nutrient Utilization Project, Iowa State Univ., 2004
50
60
70
Change in Soil Nitrate
Soil Nitrate Increase with Liquid Swine Manure and Fertilizer Rate
2000 - 2003
600
Applied Manure or Fertilizer N
(lb N/acre)
500
400
Low Manure
High Manure
300
Fertilizer - N
Fertilizer - L
200
Fertilizer - H
100
0
-10
0
10
20
30
LSNT Increase (ppm)
Liquid Swine Manure Nutrient Utilization Project, Iowa State Univ., 2004
40
50
60
Manure Application to Soybean
 Reasons
to consider applying liquid
swine manure to soybean
Low P and K soil tests
 Maintain surface residue cover for soil
conservation and limiting P runoff
 Allows access to more crop land for
manure application
 Wider window for spring manure
application
 Potential to increase soybean yield even in
soils with adequate P and K

Liquid Swine Manure Nutrient Utilization Project, Iowa State Univ., 2004
Liquid Swine Manure Application to Soybean
Site-Year
Swine Manure Application
None
Low
High
Manure Total-N
Low
High
Soybean Yield, bu/acre
lb N/acre
2000
Clay
Webster
Hardin
48
42
56
49
44
57
50
45
56
114
91
83
228
182
192
Clay
Washington
47
49
51
51
51
53
100
114
201
201
2002
Floyd
Hamilton
Washington
60
55
58
60
56
65*
62
56
65*
147
107
124
271
214
249
2001
* Yield response to liquid swine manure significant (P ≤ 0.05).
Liquid Swine Manure Nutrient Utilization Project, Iowa State Univ., 2004
Liquid Swine Manure Application to Soybean
Post-harvest 0-4 ft Profile Soil Nitrate
Eight Site Mean, 2000-2002
Liquid Swine Manure Rate
Depth
None
Low
High
ft
- - - - - ppm Nitrate-N - - - - 0-1
7
8
8
1-2
3
4
4
2-3
2
3
4
3-4
3
3
3
Profile lb/acre
60
72
76
Manure applied preplant either in fall or spring before soybean planting.
Liquid Swine Manure Nutrient Utilization Project, Iowa State Univ., 2004
Residual-Year Corn Yield Increase at Seven Sites
Following Swine Manure Application to Soybean
Yield Increase to Fertilizer N
60
Yield Increase, bu/acre
50
40
None
Low
High
30
20
10
0
40
80
Fertilizer N Rate, lb N/acre
Liquid Swine Manure Nutrient Utilization Project, Iowa State Univ., 2004
120
Response to Residual Liquid Swine Manure and
Additional Fertilizer-N: Corn after Soybean
Mean Response -- Corn After Soybean Residual Sites
Year
2001-03
None
Yield
Inc.
to N
LSNT
bu/acre
ppm
51
7
Low Sw ine Manure Rate
Yield
Manure
Inc.
Total N
to N LSNT
High Sw ine Manure Rate
Yield
Manure
Inc.
Total N
to N LSNT
lb N/acre bu/acre ppm
lb N/acre bu/acre ppm
114
49
7
221
Manure Total-N applied before the prior year s oybean crop; 7 s ites .
Liquid Swine Manure Nutrient Utilization Project, Iowa State Univ., 2004
50
7
Summary
 Use
pre-application manure sample lab
analysis and analysis history
 Calibrate application equipment

Consider using flow monitors and rate
controllers
 Work
with N, P, K application rate and not
just gallons per acre

Know the manure nutrient analysis
 Liquid
swine manure N is highly crop
available

Use total manure N to base application rate
Liquid Swine Manure Nutrient Utilization Project, Iowa State Univ., 2004
Summary
 Managing
liquid swine manure N is
similar to managing fertilizer N
Needed N rates
 Effects of climatic conditions

 For
soybean, limit application to total-N
rate that would be applied to a corn crop
following soybean
 Account for manure P and K application
 Using liquid swine manure as a reliable
nutrient source takes effort, but can be
done
Liquid Swine Manure Nutrient Utilization Project, Iowa State Univ., 2004
Thank you to the many cooperators,
businesses, and individuals who helped
make the project a success.

Funding from:



Iowa Department of Agriculture
Division of Soil Conservation – Integrated
Farm / Livestock Management Program (IFLM)
USDA – Iowa NRCS
Leopold Center for Sustainable Agriculture
Liquid Swine Manure Nutrient Utilization Project, Iowa State Univ., 2004