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Liquid Swine Manure Nutrient Utilization Project John Sawyer John Lundvall Antonio Mallarino Sudipta Rakshit Monica Barbazan Daniel Barker Angie Rieck-Hinz Liquid Swine Manure Nutrient Utilization Project, Iowa State Univ., 2004 Liquid Swine Manure Nutrient Utilization Project Field Demonstration Objectives: Work with producers to implement manure strip application demonstrations Calibrate liquid swine manure application Document manure nutrient content, variability, and intended vs. applied nutrients Document crop productivity based on liquid swine manure N and P Compare manure nutrient availability to fertilizer N and P Monitor agronomic and environmental soil test P Liquid Swine Manure Nutrient Utilization Project, Iowa State Univ., 2004 Methods and Demonstration Activities 2000-2003 46 sites and 16 cooperators Pre-sample manure Swine finishing facilities Under-building pit or outdoor cement tank (2) Dip from surface or probe depth Multiple manure samples during application Pits stirred during application Calibrate applicator Weight, speed, flow/rate monitor Liquid Swine Manure Nutrient Utilization Project, Iowa State Univ., 2004 Methods and Demonstration Activities Replicated manure strips applied to corn and soybean None, Low, and High manure rates Residual-year corn following prior application Fall and spring injected manure Except Clay sites where manure broadcastincorporated next day Liquid Swine Manure Nutrient Utilization Project, Iowa State Univ., 2004 Methods and Demonstration Activities Fertilizer rate plots superimposed on each manure rate strip 0, 40, 80,120 lb N/acre (corn-soybean) 0, 60, 120,180 lb N/acre (corn-corn) Blanket fertilizer applied to mask manure P and K 0, 20, 40, 60 lb P2O5/acre Blanket fertilizer applied to mask manure N and K Yield, routine soil tests, environmental P tests, soil nitrate, leaf greenness, cornstalk nitrate, post-harvest profile nitrate, aerial images Liquid Swine Manure Nutrient Utilization Project, Iowa State Univ., 2004 Pre-Application and At-Application Manure Analyses Liquid Swine Manure Sample Analyses Pre-Sample Analysis, lb N, P K 2O/1,000 gal 2 O 5, or 90 Site Average Presample Minus At Application Total N: -4.6% Total P2O5: -9.1% Total K2O: 0.4% 80 70 60 T otal N T otal P T otal K 50 40 30 20 10 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 Average at Application Site Analysis, lb N, P 2O 5 or K 2O/1,000 gal Liquid Swine Manure Nutrient Utilization Project, Iowa State Univ., 2004 90 Analysis – Calibration – Application Applied Rate, lb Total N or P 2O 5 /acre Liquid Swine Manure Intended Rate versus Applied Rate 500 400 300 T otal N T otal P 1:1 Line 200 100 0 0 50 100 150 Intended Rate, lb T otal N or P 2O 5/acre Liquid Swine Manure Nutrient Utilization Project, Iowa State Univ., 2004 200 Intended Manure Nutrient Application Rate Frequency Distribution Percent of Intended Liquid Swine Manure Rate 10 50 Applications Number of Site Applications 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 <70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 Percent of Intended Rate As Applied (Based on T otal N or P 2O 5) Liquid Swine Manure Nutrient Utilization Project, Iowa State Univ., 2004 125 >125 At-Application Manure Nutrient Analyses Liquid Swine Manure Sample Analyses All Site Average N: 53 lb total N/1000 gal P: 33 lb total P2O5/1000 gal K: 34 lb total K2O/1000 gal N:P2O5 ratio: 1.62 14 12 Individual Sample Difference From Site Average, lb/1,000 gal 10 8 6 4 2 0 -2 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 -4 -6 -8 -10 -12 -14 Average Site Analysis, lb N, P 2O 5 or K 2O/1,000 gal Liquid Swine Manure Nutrient Utilization Project, Iowa State Univ., 2004 80 T otal N T otal P T otal K Ammonium-N in Liquid Swine Manure Total-N NH4-N mg N per liter Fraction NH4-N % Mean 6,360 5,267 83.6 Std Dev n 1,335 97 1,189 13 Liquid Swine Manure Nutrient Utilization Project, Iowa State Univ., 2004 Liquid Swine Manure Nutrient Utilization Project, Iowa State Univ., 2004 Ahead or Behind Technology? Liquid Swine Manure Nutrient Utilization Project, Iowa State Univ., 2004 Liquid Swine Manure Nutrient Utilization Project, Iowa State Univ., 2004 Corn Strip Yield Response to Liquid Swine Manure Yield increase could be due to N, P, K, or other component since all contained in the manure However, due to soil test levels, most increase expected from manure-N (Average: Low - 84 and High - 176 lb total N/acre) Average Yield Increase To Manure Application Sites 14 C-S 4 C-C All Manure Rate Low High bu/acre 25 35 37 48 28 38 2000-2003 Liquid Swine Manure Nutrient Utilization Project, Iowa State Univ., 2004 Corn Yield Response to Swine Manure and Additional Fertilizer N Mean Response -- C-S and C-C Sites None Low Sw ine Manure Rate Yield Inc. to N LSNT bu/acre ppm 2000 31 12 77 15 23 183 -3 36 2001 42 9 87 19 12 178 7 17 2002 72 7 88 44 10 186 25 13 2000-03 43 10 84 25 15 176 8 22 Year Manure Total N Yield Inc. to N High Sw ine Manure Rate LSNT lb N/acre bu/acre ppm w/out Plym outh 2000 s ite; 2000-2003 16 s ites . Liquid Swine Manure Nutrient Utilization Project, Iowa State Univ., 2004 Manure Total N Yield Inc. to N LSNT lb N/acre bu/acre ppm Corn Response to Liquid Swine Manure and Fertilizer N Mean of Five C-S Sites – 2000-2001 Yield (bu/acre) 200 160 No Manure 120 80 lb Total-N/acre 80 154 lb Total-N/acre 40 Relative SPAD, % 0 100 90 80 70 Stalk Nitrate (ppm) 60 6000 4000 2000 0 0 40 80 120 Fertilizer N Rate (lb N/acre) Liquid Swine Manure Nutrient Utilization Project, Iowa State Univ., 2004 Soil Nitrate Corn Yield Increase to Fertilizer N and Liquid Swine Manure Rate 2000 - 2003 120 Corn Yield Increase (bu/acre) 100 80 60 None Low High 40 20 0 0 10 20 30 40 -20 LSNT (ppm) Liquid Swine Manure Nutrient Utilization Project, Iowa State Univ., 2004 50 60 70 Change in Soil Nitrate Soil Nitrate Increase with Liquid Swine Manure and Fertilizer Rate 2000 - 2003 600 Applied Manure or Fertilizer N (lb N/acre) 500 400 Low Manure High Manure 300 Fertilizer - N Fertilizer - L 200 Fertilizer - H 100 0 -10 0 10 20 30 LSNT Increase (ppm) Liquid Swine Manure Nutrient Utilization Project, Iowa State Univ., 2004 40 50 60 Manure Application to Soybean Reasons to consider applying liquid swine manure to soybean Low P and K soil tests Maintain surface residue cover for soil conservation and limiting P runoff Allows access to more crop land for manure application Wider window for spring manure application Potential to increase soybean yield even in soils with adequate P and K Liquid Swine Manure Nutrient Utilization Project, Iowa State Univ., 2004 Liquid Swine Manure Application to Soybean Site-Year Swine Manure Application None Low High Manure Total-N Low High Soybean Yield, bu/acre lb N/acre 2000 Clay Webster Hardin 48 42 56 49 44 57 50 45 56 114 91 83 228 182 192 Clay Washington 47 49 51 51 51 53 100 114 201 201 2002 Floyd Hamilton Washington 60 55 58 60 56 65* 62 56 65* 147 107 124 271 214 249 2001 * Yield response to liquid swine manure significant (P ≤ 0.05). Liquid Swine Manure Nutrient Utilization Project, Iowa State Univ., 2004 Liquid Swine Manure Application to Soybean Post-harvest 0-4 ft Profile Soil Nitrate Eight Site Mean, 2000-2002 Liquid Swine Manure Rate Depth None Low High ft - - - - - ppm Nitrate-N - - - - 0-1 7 8 8 1-2 3 4 4 2-3 2 3 4 3-4 3 3 3 Profile lb/acre 60 72 76 Manure applied preplant either in fall or spring before soybean planting. Liquid Swine Manure Nutrient Utilization Project, Iowa State Univ., 2004 Residual-Year Corn Yield Increase at Seven Sites Following Swine Manure Application to Soybean Yield Increase to Fertilizer N 60 Yield Increase, bu/acre 50 40 None Low High 30 20 10 0 40 80 Fertilizer N Rate, lb N/acre Liquid Swine Manure Nutrient Utilization Project, Iowa State Univ., 2004 120 Response to Residual Liquid Swine Manure and Additional Fertilizer-N: Corn after Soybean Mean Response -- Corn After Soybean Residual Sites Year 2001-03 None Yield Inc. to N LSNT bu/acre ppm 51 7 Low Sw ine Manure Rate Yield Manure Inc. Total N to N LSNT High Sw ine Manure Rate Yield Manure Inc. Total N to N LSNT lb N/acre bu/acre ppm lb N/acre bu/acre ppm 114 49 7 221 Manure Total-N applied before the prior year s oybean crop; 7 s ites . Liquid Swine Manure Nutrient Utilization Project, Iowa State Univ., 2004 50 7 Summary Use pre-application manure sample lab analysis and analysis history Calibrate application equipment Consider using flow monitors and rate controllers Work with N, P, K application rate and not just gallons per acre Know the manure nutrient analysis Liquid swine manure N is highly crop available Use total manure N to base application rate Liquid Swine Manure Nutrient Utilization Project, Iowa State Univ., 2004 Summary Managing liquid swine manure N is similar to managing fertilizer N Needed N rates Effects of climatic conditions For soybean, limit application to total-N rate that would be applied to a corn crop following soybean Account for manure P and K application Using liquid swine manure as a reliable nutrient source takes effort, but can be done Liquid Swine Manure Nutrient Utilization Project, Iowa State Univ., 2004 Thank you to the many cooperators, businesses, and individuals who helped make the project a success. Funding from: Iowa Department of Agriculture Division of Soil Conservation – Integrated Farm / Livestock Management Program (IFLM) USDA – Iowa NRCS Leopold Center for Sustainable Agriculture Liquid Swine Manure Nutrient Utilization Project, Iowa State Univ., 2004