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Unit 7 1890-1945 21-24 (1890-1945): foreign policy: imperialism, WWI, WWII & domestic 1920’s & 1930’s An increasingly pluralistic United States faced profound domestic and global challenges, debated the proper degree of government activism, and sought to define its international role. Key Concept 7.2: A revolution in communications and transportation technology helped to create a new mass culture and spread “modern” values and ideas, even as cultural conflicts between groups increased under the pressure of migration, world wars, and economic distress. 1. New technologies led to social transformations that improved the standard of living for many while contributing to increased political and cultural conflicts. 2. The global ramifications of World War I and wartime patriotism and xenophobia, combined with social tensions created by increased international migration, resulted in legislation restricting immigration from Asia and from southern and eastern Europe. 3. Economic dislocations, social pressures, and the economic growth spurred by World Wars I and II led to a greater degree of migration within the United States, as well as migration to the United States from elsewhere in the Western Hemisphere. Key Concept 7.3: Global conflicts over resources, territories, and ideologies renewed debates over the nation’s values and its role in the world while simultaneously propelling the United States into a dominant international military, political, cultural, and economic position. 1. Many Americans began to advocate overseas expansionism in the late 19th century, leading to new territorial ambitions and acquisitions in the Western Hemisphere and the Pacific. 2. World War I and its aftermath intensified debates about the nation’s role in the world and how best to achieve national security and pursue American interests. 3. The involvement of the United States in World War II, while opposed by most Americans prior to the attack on Pearl Harbor, vaulted the United States into global political and military prominence and transformed both American society and the relationship between the United States and the rest of the world. Textbook & Practice Essay Assignments For each chapter, you may choose to: 1. answer all the question in the orange boxes, scattered throughout the chapter AND explain the chapter title AND identify the big idea OR 2. Read the chapter and take detailed notes of the chapter Either choice is fine and will be graded equally. If you choose #1, you must label the questions with their page numbers as you answer them. Chapter 21An Emerging World Power 1890-1918 (8 orange boxes) Chapter 22 Cultural Conflict, Bubble and Bust 1919-1932 (9 orange boxes) Chapter 23Managing the Great Depression, Forging the New Deal 1929-1939 (8 orange boxes) Chapter 24 The World at War 1937-1945 (8 orange boxes) Unit Essay “During [the 1920s], the city contested the supremacy of rural, small-town America. The city represented a challenge for economic power: the determination of finance capitalism to regain the political preeminence that had been pared away in the Progressive era. The city threatened to disrupt class stability through the drive by unskilled labor to form industrial unions. . . . The city imperiled the hierarchy of social status through the clamor of new immigrant[s]. Most of all, the older America was alarmed by the mores of the metropolis.” — William E. Leuchtenburg, historian, 1958 “The geographic reorganization of urban and rural areas [in the 1920s] drew these regions into a closer and more interdependent relationship with each other. This relationship was most evident in cities and towns which lay in the outlying districts around urban centers. These towns attracted people from both central cities and the surrounding countryside. . . . In addition, farm families that converted to truck farming were tied more closely into the urban market and urban culture. . . . [A] shift from the direct production of goods to the purchase of them in metropolitan markets [also] changed people’s habits of consumption. . . . Consumption habits [drew] women out of the household and into the marketplace. . . . A 1930 study of bread consumption, for example, found that most families [in urban and rural areas] had shifted to store-bought goods.” — Joseph Interrante, historian, 1980 Using the excerpts above, answer (a), (b), and (c). a) Briefly explain ONE major difference between Leuchtenburg’s and Interrante’s interpretations of cities and rural areas during the 1920s. b) Briefly explain how ONE specific historical event or development in the period 1919–1930 that is not explicitly mentioned in the excerpts could be used to support Leuchtenburg’s interpretation. c) Briefly explain how ONE specific historical event or development in the period 1919–1930 that is not explicitly mentioned in the excerpts could be used to support Interrante’s interpretation