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STRATEGIC
RESILIENCE
ASSESSMENTS
applying a resilience lens to development
strategies and programs
Regional Resilience Director – South and East Asia
OLGA PETRYNIAK
APPLYING STRATEGIC RESILIENCE ASSESSMENTS
Conceptualizing Resilience
STRESS Overview
Examples of Application
APPLYING STRATEGIC RESILIENCE ASSESSMENTS
Conceptualizing Resilience
APPLYING STRATEGIC RESILIENCE ASSESSMENTS
Conceptualizing Resilience
Resilience Questions
SYSTEMS
PEOPLE
CAPACITIES
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SHOCKS/ STRESSES
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Resilience For What?:
Well-Being Outcomes
Meaningful
employment
maintained or
improved
Income
stability and
growth
Dietary
diversity
maintained
and improved
Access to
health services
maintained or
improved
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APPLYING STRATEGIC RESILIENCE ASSESSMENTS
Conceptual Framework
APPLYING STRATEGIC RESILIENCE ASSESSMENTS
Resilience Capacities
• Ability of people,
communities and systems
to achieve improved wellbeing in the face of
shocks and stresses
RESOURCES
STRATEGIES
APPLYING STRATEGIC RESILIENCE ASSESSMENTS
What defines a resilience
capacity?
Resource or its use that helps a household, community, or system,
prevent, mitigate, or respond to a risk
Shock/stress: The shock or stress (risk) it is used against
User: The group, individual, or institution intended to "use" the capacity
Provider: Individuals, processes or systems appropriate for providing
access or availability of the capacity
Effect: The mitigating impact of the capacity on the shock/stress and
positive effect on household/community/system
Development Links: Which changes in the development context are
required to support and sustain access and use to the capacity?
APPLYING STRATEGIC RESILIENCE ASSESSMENTS
Resilience Capacities
STRESS
Overview
APPLYING STRATEGIC RESILIENCE ASSESSMENTS
What is a STRESS?
 A strategic-level assessment process for
understanding risk, drivers and required capacities
to build resilience in a given context
 helps develop effective, measurable resiliencebuilding strategies
 considers the complex interactions that exist
between risks, people and the socio-ecological
systems in which they live
 anchored in the five resilience questions
What’s unique about a STRESS?
SYSTEMSFOCUSED
SECTORNEUTRAL
MULTIPLE
SCALES
MULTIPLE
TIME FRAMES
ANALYSIS OF
RISKS AND RISK
PROFILES
ANALYSIS OF
RESILIENCE
CAPACITIES
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APPLYING STRATEGIC RESILIENCE ASSESSMENTS
STRESS Phases:
Scope: Review team and expert
knowledge through participatory
workshops and identify knowledge gaps
Inform: Conduct secondary literature
review; complement with qualitative field
methods
Analyze: develop risk profiles and
evaluate resilience capacities
Strategize: develop a resiliencefocused, measurable theory of change
APPLYING STRATEGIC RESILIENCE
ASSESSMENTS
Phase 1: SCOPE
Determine the purpose,
scope and scale
Gather collective
knowledge through
workshops and rapid
literature review
Conduct systems mapping
Identify knowledge gaps
Prepare data collection plan
Systems
Mapping
RESILIENCE OF
WHAT?
Land
Conditions
Water
Availability
Gender
Norms
Farm
Production
Consumption
Practices
Food
Security
Gender
Norms
Income
Non-farm
livelihoods
Finance
Markets
Government
Regulation
RESILIENCE TO WHAT?
Shocks and Stresses
Excess
Rain +
Drought +
Floods +
Land & Water
Availability -
Conflict +
Farming
Production Food price
shocks +
Income Stress
migration +
Emergency
borrowing +
Debt +
RESILIENCE OF WHAT?
Urban Systems
Migrant
incomes
Labor pool
Coastal
Storm
Stress
Migration+
Flood +
Health
Business
Income &
Investment
Government
Priorities and
Practices
Food
Price
Shocks
Pressure on
Infrastructure
and services
Urban
Planning
Marginal
Land
Conversion
APPLYING STRATEGIC RESILIENCE ASSESSMENTS
Phase 1: Scoping
Outputs
1) A preliminary systems analysis defining
interaction between:
• development or systemic
constraints
• shocks and stresses
• gendered impacts
2) A preliminary understanding of
resilience capacities – current and
potential
3) A detailed research plan that identifies
key knowledge gaps, primary data
collection methods, and a sampling
strategy.
APPLYING STRATEGIC RESILIENCE ASSESSMENTS
Phase 2:
INFORM
Data collection should be focused
and narrowed
Fit for purpose, time and scale:
Focus on knowledge gaps:
Draw on existing tools and methods:
•
Secondary Data review
•
Qualitative interviews
•
Quantitative Survey
APPLYING STRATEGIC RESILIENCE
ASSESSMENTS
Phase 3:
ANALYZE
KEY DELIVERABLES:
Development trends, with focus
on systemic relationships
Risk Analysis:
•
•
•
Shocks/stresses to systems and target
populations
Risk drivers and impacts
Risk profiles of target populations
Resilience Capacity Analysis:
•
•
Existing v. required resilience
capacities;
Underlying factors preventing access
and use of resilience capacities
APPLYING STRATEGIC RESILIENCE
ASSESSMENTS
Phase 4:
STRATEGIZE
KEY DELIVERABLES:
Theory of Change
M&E Framework
Resilience-building
strategies/logic chains
STRESS Deliverables:
Risk
Profile
• Trends and interactions between shocks and
stresses, and system dynamics
Resilience
Capacities
• Existing and required resources – social, physical,
financial, natural, political, human- and how they
must be applied to mitigate risk
Theory of
Change
• A high-level logical pathway defining the
relationship how resilience capacities can support
achieving well-being outcomes in the face of risk
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STRESS
EXAMPLES
APPLYING STRATEGIC RESILIENCE ASSESSMENTS
Case 1: NEPAL (Rural)
Large USAID-funded multi-sector
program addressing food insecurity in
Mid and Far West of Nepal (50-60%
stunting rates)
80% reliance on agricultural livelihoods
Topography exacerbates service
delivery challenges, market constraints
High debt rates
High rates of migration as coping
strategy – 3,000/day; concentrations of
women with increased work load
Strict gender and caste norms
APPLYING STRATEGIC RESILIENCE ASSESSMENTS
Case 1: NEPAL (Rural)
Risk
Reduction
Infrastructure
and Systems
WASH
Infrastructure
and Practices
Food
Utilisation
Health and
Nutrition
practices
Sustainable
Food
Security
Food
Availability
Supply
System
Natural
Resources
Stability
Food
Access
Food
Production
Land
Productivity
NRM
Income
AG
Practices
Non-AG
Enterprises
Migration
CREDIT,
TVET and BDS
Economic
Infrastructure
Markets
APPLYING STRATEGIC RESILIENCE ASSESSMENTS
Case 1: NEPAL (Rural)
Case 1: NEPAL (Rural)
APPLYING STRATEGIC RESILIENCE ASSESSMENTS
Case 1: NEPAL (Rural)
KEY FINDINGS:
Access to key resources is insufficient
to determine resilience; use is critical
and relies on a strong knowledge base
and an enabling environment
–
e.g. remittances, loans
Informal norms and formal rules and
regulations are underlying factors that
determine access and use of resilience
capacities:
–
e.g. caste norms around water, gender
household decision-making
APPLYING STRATEGIC RESILIENCE ASSESSMENTS
Case 1: NEPAL (Rural)
THEORY OF CHANGE
IMPLICATIONS
 Build voice and participation
as part of underlying social
and behavioral change
strategy
 Strengthen cross-sectoral
governance approach
 Foster social capital and
networks
APPLYING STRATEGIC RESILIENCE ASSESSMENTS
Case 1: NEPAL (Rural)
APPLYING STRATEGIC RESILIENCE ASSESSMENTS
Case 2: CHENNAI (Urban)
CONTEXT
December 2015 floods displaced $1.8
million and caused $7 billion in economic
losses
Small and Medium Enterprises, who
employ 360,000 and 3% of national GDP
severely affected
Need to understand the systemic
connections between urban environment
and small business resilience
Local partner working on resilience
with government and local stakeholders
CAUSAL SYSTEMS MAP: CHENNAI
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Capacities Systems Map: Chennai
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APPLYING STRATEGIC RESILIENCE ASSESSMENTS
Case 2: CHENNAI (Urban)
KEY LESSONS:
 Chennai’s fragmented institutional and
infrastructure context creates challenges for
balancing economic growth with
environmental safeguards for resilience
 Damage and recovery, particularly for
MSMEs, depends as much on business
environment as it does on the intensity of
the disaster
 Financial products are often slow,
inaccessible or ill-designed for MSMEs,
undermining small business growth and
stability
APPLYING STRATEGIC RESILIENCE ASSESSMENTS
Case 3: MONGOLIA
(Urban-Rural)
CONTEXT
 Setting country-level strategy for a new legacy
program
 Focus not only on what program will work on
directly, but also partnership
 Need to understand urban-rural dynamics in light
of economic patterns and urbanization:
 Strong history of herding
 Mining growth after democratization
 Vulnerability to global commodity prices
 Rapid urbanization
APPLYING STRATEGIC RESILIENCE ASSESSMENTS
MONGOLIA: Urban-Rural
APPLYING STRATEGIC RESILIENCE ASSESSMENTS
Case 3: MONGOLIA
(Urban-Rural)
KEY FINDINGS:
 Rural livestock economy essential to balanced
growth:
 Perceptions and low services are driving
people to cities, not winter blizzards
 Requires YOUTH buy-in to rural livestock
economy
 Need to build social capital and networks
across urban-rural areas
 Simultaneous focus on urban and rural services
job growth
 Need for expanded partnerships
APPLYING STRATEGIC RESILIENCE
ASSESSMENTS
Key Takeaways
 STRESS is an assessment
approach, not strict methodology
 Needs to be “fit to size” based on
purpose, scope and scale
 Focus on systems mapping in
relation to well-being outcomes, risk
analysis and resilience capacities
 Draw on existing knowledge
 Centered on multi-stakeholder
engagement and capacity
APPLYING STRATEGIC RESILIENCE ASSESSMENTS
For More Information
STRESS Approach, Mercy Corps, 2017
Resilience Measurement Practical Guidance Series; Guidance Note no.
1 – Risk and Resilience Assessments; USAID, TOPS
PAHAL Strategic Resilience Assessment, Nepal, April 2015
Transforming Chennai: Building micro, small and medium enterprise
resilience to water related environmental change. Okapi and Mercy Corps.
December 2016.
Mongolia Strategic Resilience Assessment, Mercy Corps, April 2017;
and Reuters Article
Urban Resilience Measurement, An Approach Guide and Training
Curriculum. Mercy Corps. June 2016.
Questions
OLGA PETRYNIAK
Regional Resilience Director
[email protected]