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Fungi Basics • Heterotrophs – No photosynthesis – enzymes absorb nutrients • Cell wall made of chitin (polysaccharide) • Reproduction: Sexual & Asexual • Evolved from fungus-like protista Fungi Structure • Spores land on ground • Hyphae grow from spore – Release enzymes to digest food – Absorb nutrients • Mycelium accumulates – Body of the fungus – Large mass of hyphae • Fruiting body appears – reproductive structure – creates spores by meiosis – Fungi classified based on differing fruiting bodies Fungi Structure • Spores land on ground • Hyphae grow from spore – Release enzymes to digest food – Absorb nutrients • Mycelium accumulates – Body of the fungus – Large mass of hyphae • Fruiting body appears – reproductive structure – creates spores by meiosis – Fungi classified based on differing fruiting bodies Asexual Reproduction • Asexual – Haploid spore lands – Haploid mat of mycelium grows – Haploid fruiting body creates haploid spores – Spores released – Cycle repeats Bread Molds • Decompose dead matter • Can reproduce sexually or asexually • Ecological importance: Nitrogen fixation – Help convert nitrogen in atmosphere into usable forms Bread Molds Hyphae of fungus A • Sexual – Haploid spores from two different fungi lands Hyphae of fungus B – Spores grows into haploid mycelium – Haploid hyphae fuse together creating a diploid zygospore – Zygospore grows into diploid mycelium – Haploid spores created inside sporangia by meiosis .. sporangium Club Fungi • Mushrooms, puffballs, shelf fungi • Fruiting body – Club shaped – Haploid spores produced by meiosis – Spores housed inside “basidia” Mushrooms Shelf fungi Club Puffballs ground Here is a typical mushroom… Notice These thehaploid “gills” underneath. spores are created These folds by contain meiosis millions ofit spores. into Lets thezoom wind.in… letsand flipreleased upside-down Haploid spore from fungus A will land…. Haploid spore from fungus B will land Haploid mycelium grows underground from each spore Two haploid hyphae fuse together… creating a diploid mycelium Fruiting body grows from the mass Haploid spores created (meiosis) & released from the basidia . . .. . ground Sac Fungi • Yeast, morels, truffles • Some produce antibiotics • Fruiting body – resembles a sac – Spores housed inside “asci” Yeast Penicillium fungi Truffle ground Morel Here is a typical sac fungi… lets look at Here Meiosis are created the asci these that hold spores the and spores... the wind Lets Lets zoom in to the inside of the sac… a drawing instead zoom helps to into disperse one ascus them as it releases the spores Haploid spores from two fungi will land Haploid mycelium grows underground from each spore Two haploid hyphae fuse together… creating a diploid mycelium Fruiting body grows from the mass Haploid spores created (meiosis) & released from the asci . . . . ground Lichens • Often pioneer species (grow on rock) • Example of two organisms living in mutualism – #1: Fungus – #2: Algae • Mutualism: Both benefit – Fungus: obtains nutrients from the algae – Algae: grows among the hyphae of the fungus; gets water
