Download abrasion air mass air pressure altitude

abrasion
air mass
the grinding away of rock by other rock
particles carried in water, ice, or wind
a huge body of air that has similar
temperature, pressure, and
humidity throughout
Image Source: http://nsidc.org/glaciers/gallery/images/molded_wall_nz_large.jpg
Image Source: http://ww2010.atmos.uiuc.edu/guides/mtr/af/arms/gifs/home.gif
air pressure
altitude
a force that is the result of the weight of a
column of air pushing down on an area
elevation above sea level
Image Source: http://www.hko.gov.hk/education/edu01met/wxobs/pressure/pres-fig2e.jpg
Image Source: http://www.medtogo.com/assets/images/MTG_new_pics/altitude.jpg
asthenosphere
atmosphere
the soft layer of the mantle on which
the lithosphere floats
the mixture of gases that surrounds earth
Image Source: http://www.oceanlink.info/SOLE/tectonics/images/earths_crust_small.gif
Image Source: http://www.vtaide.com/png/images/atmosphere.jpg
autumnal equinox
biomass (biofuel)
the day of the year that marks the beginning
of fall in the Northern Hemisphere
fuel made from things that were once alive
Image Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/84/Earth-lighting-equinox_EN.png
Image Source: http://www.concerto-sesac.eu/IMG/jpg/biomass.jpg
capacity
cementation
ability to receive or contain
the process by which dissolved minerals
crystallize and glue particles of sediment
together into one mass
Image Source: http://regmedia.co.uk/2007/06/11/sandisk_4gb_microsd_3.jpg
Image Source: http://sepmstrata.org/Bahamas/images/061-Bubble-Ooid-Sand-Before-Cementation-Joulters-Cay.jpg
chemical weathering
clastic
the process that breaks down rock
through chemical changes
sedimentary rock that forms when rock
fragments are squeezed together
under high pressure
Image Source: http://www.kidsgeo.com/images/chemical-weathering.jpg
Image Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/5/59/GLMsed.jpg
clay
compaction
natural earthly material
the process by which sediments are
pressed together under their own weight
Image Source: http://vinyl2.sentex.ca/~tcc/GT/dscn0305a.jpg
composition
compression
chemical make-up of a rock
stress that squeezes rock until
it folds or breaks
Image Source: http://www.usu.edu/geo/shervais/Images/PtSal_1.jpg
Image Source: http://www.dunlapcusd.net/dms/Noonen/tnoonen/images/clip_image002_006.jpg
condensation
conduction
the process by which a gas
changes to a liquid
the transfer of heat from one substance
to another by direct contact of
particles of matter
Image Source: http://thumbs.dreamstime.com/thumb_114/11694249573Rz3ae.jpg
Image Source: Earth Science. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson Education, Inc., 2002.
conservation
continental crust
the process of using a resource wisely
so that it will not be used up
section of earth's crust that is found
underneath the continent
Image Source: http://www.opuc.on.ca/media/images/GenerationConservation.jpg
Image Source: http://zebu.uoregon.edu/~soper/Earth/earthstructure2.gif
continental drift
convection
the hypothesis that the continents slowly
move across Earth's surface
the transfer of heat by movement of a fluid
Image Source: http://www.cyburbia.org/gallery/data/6457/pangea-continental-drift.gif
Image Source: Earth Science. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson Education, Inc., 2002.
convection currents
convergent boundary
the movement of a fluid, caused by
differences in temperature, that transfers
heat from one part of the fluid to another
a plate boundary where two plates
move toward each other
Image Source: http://www.classroomatsea.net/carlsberg/images/convection.jpg
Image Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Active_Margin.svg/500px-Active_Margin.svg.png
Coriolis effect
crescent moon
the way Earth's rotation makes winds in the
Northern Hemisphere curve to the right and winds
in the Southern Hemisphere curve to the left
least amount of sunlight on moon, occurs
twice during the eight phases of the moon
Image Source: http://www.kidsgeo.com/images/coriolis-effect.gif
Image Source: http://www.air-and-space.com/Moon/20061017%20waning%20crescent%20Moon%20l.jpg
crystal structure
current
a solid in which the atoms are arranged
in a pattern that repeats again and again
a large stream of moving water that
flows through the ocean
Image Source: http://newton.ex.ac.uk/research/qsystems/people/sque/images/diamond-conventional-unit-cell.gif
Image Source: http://www.kidsgeo.com/images/ocean-current.jpg
deep-ocean trench
density
a deep valley along the ocean floor
through which oceanic crust
slowly sinks towards the mantle
the amount of mass in a given space
Image Source: http://library.thinkquest.org/22752/images/OCEANIC_TRENCH.GIF
Image Source: http://www.autocalculator.org/Images/Calculators/density-volume-mass.jpg
deposition
divergent boundary
the process by which sediment settles out of
the water or wind that is carrying it, and
it deposited in a new location
a plate boundary where two plates
move away from each other
Image Source: http://www.geolsoc.org.uk/webdav/site/GSL/shared/images/education_and_careers/RockCycle/RocksAroundBritain/
Image Source: http://geology.com/nsta/divergent-boundary-continental-still.gif
earthquake
energy
the shaking that results from the
movement of rock beneath Earth's surface
the ability to do work or cause change
energy sources
erosion
example: wind, solar, thermal, nuclear
the process by which water, ice, wind, or
gravity moves fragments of rock and soil
Image Source: http://www.greengop.org/wp-content/uploads/2008/10/alternative-energy-sources.jpg
evaporation
extinct
the process by which molecules at the
surface of a liquid absorb enough
energy to change to a gaseous state
volcano that has ceased erupting
Image Source: http://www.dnr.state.wi.us/org/caer/ce/eek/earth/groundwater/images/evap.gif
Image Source: http://www.marietta.edu/~biol/biomes/images/desert/desert4.jpg
extinction
extrusive
death of every member of a species
igneous rock that forms from
lava on Earth's surface
Image Source: http://media-2.web.britannica.com/eb-media/90/20490-004-79221883.jpg
first quarter moon
fluid
second stage in the phases of the moon
substance that is capable of flowing
Image Source: http://www.air-and-space.com/Moon/20060831%20first%20quarter%20Moon%20l.jpg
Image Source: http://www.daviddarling.info/images/heat_transfer_fluid.jpg
foliated
fossil
terms used to describe metamorphic
rocks whose grains are arranged
in parallel layers or bands
the preserved remains or
traces of living things
Image Source: http://gsc.nrcan.gc.ca/urbgeo/geomapvan/images/rangee14_left.jpg
fossil fuel
geologic time scale
an energy-rich substance formed
from the remains of organisms
a record of the geologic events and
life forms in Earth's history
Image Source: http://www.energyquest.ca.gov/story/images/chap08_coal_on_fire.jpg
Image Source: http://www.dep.state.fl.us/geology/gisdatamaps/images/time_scale_final2.jpg
gibbous moon
global winds
section of moon that contains
mostly sunlight
winds that blow steadily from specific
directions over long distances
Image Source: http://www.air-and-space.com/Moon/20061003%20waxing%20gibbous%20l.jpg
Image Source: http://kids.earth.nasa.gov/archive/nino/question2.GIF
grain
gravity
a particle of mineral or other rock
that gives a rock its texture
the attractive force between two objects
Image Source: http://science.jrank.org/article_images/science.jrank.org/rock.1.jpg
Image Source: http://www.icteachers.co.uk/children/sats/images/gravity.gif
greenhouse effect
heat
the process by which heat is trapped in
the atmosphere by water vapor, carbon
dioxide, methane, and other gases
that form a "blanket" around Earth
the energy transferred from a hotter
object to a cooler one
Image Source: http://mail.colonial.net/~hkaiter/science%20images/Greenhouse_Effect.gif
Image Source: http://www.geo4va.vt.edu/A3/natural-heat-flow.gif
igneous
index fossils
a type of rock that forms from the cooling of
molten rock at or below the surface
fossils of widely distributed organisms that
lived during only one short period
Image Source: http://www.learner.org/courses/essential/earthspace/images/show5-brit-with-igneous.jpg
Image Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/2/28/Calico_scallop_02.jpg
inner core
intrusive
a dense sphere of solid iron and
nickel in the center of Earth
igneous rock that forms when magma
hardens beneath Earth's surface
Image Source: http://www.sciencemuseum.org.uk/onlinestuff/snot/~/media/Images/content/snot/
Image Source: http://www.geologywales.co.uk/coedybrenin/greenstone2_72.jpg
land breeze
lava
the flow of air from land to a body of water
magma that reaches the surface
Image Source: http://media-2.web.britannica.com/eb-media/74/7574-004-76AF45F8.gif
Image Source: http://i.telegraph.co.uk/telegraph/multimedia/archive/01443/lava_1443055c.jpg
law of superposition
loam
the geologic principle that states in horizontal layers
of sedimentary rock, each layer is older than the layer
above it and younger than the layer below it
rich, fertile soil that is made up of about
equal parts of clay, sand, and silt
Image Source: http://www.ukfossils.co.uk/guides/stratigraphy/Pic%201.jpg
Image Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bb/Lehmgrube.jpg
local winds
lunar eclipse
winds that blow over short distances
the blocking of sunlight to the moon
that occurs when Earth is directly
between the sun and moon
Image Source: http://www.myccr.com/images/Images_Technique/Local_Winds.gif
Image Source: http://starryskies.com/The_sky/events/lunar-2003/lunar.eclipse01.jpg
lunar month/synodic period
magma
length of time from one
new moon to the next
the molten mixture of rock-forming
substances, gases, and water that
makes up part of Earth's mantle
Image Source: http://astro.unl.edu/classaction/images/lunarcycles/synodic.jpg
Image Source: http://hvo.wr.usgs.gov/kilauea/update/archive/2003/May/20030503-0021_DAS_large.jpg
mantle
mechanical weathering
the layer of hot, solid material
between Earth's crust and core
the type of weathering in which rock is
physically broken into smaller pieces
Image Source: http://www.sciencemuseum.org.uk/onlinestuff/snot/~/media/Images/content/snot/
Image Source: http://www.kidsgeo.com/images/mechanical-weathering.jpg
metamorphic
metamorphism
a type of rock that forms from an existing
rock that is changed by heat,
pressure, or chemical reactions
changing from one type of rock to another
Image Source: http://www.bcssa.org/newsroom/scholarships/great8sci/Photos/Earth_Photos/metamorphic.jpg
Image Source: http://www.windows2universe.org/earth/geology/images/temp_pressure.gif
mid-ocean ridge
lithosphere
(mid-Atlantic ridge)
the undersea mountain chain where
new ocean floor is produced
Image Source: http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Features/Tectonics/Images/ridge_render.jpg
a rigid layer made up of the uppermost
part of the mantle and the crust
Image Source: http://www.plate-tectonics.org/Lithosphere%20and%20Asthenosphere.gif
mineral
mineral formation
a naturally occurring, inorganic solid that
has a crystal structure and a
definite chemical composition
process by which minerals are formed
Image Source: http://www.galleries.com/Minerals/Silicate/ZOISITE/zoisite.jpg
Image Source: http://www.gems.tv/img/gem/info/formation-cycle.jpg
molten rock
natural resources
liquefied by heat
any natural material that is used by humans
Image Source: http://www.moolf.com/images/stories/Amazing/Volcanoes-Lava/Volcanoes-Lava-15.jpg
Image Source: http://counties.cce.cornell.edu/sullivan/nat%20resoures.jpg
non-renewable resource
oceanic crust
a natural resource that is not
replaced as it is used
section of earth's crust that is found
underneath the ocean
Image Source: http://www.blm.gov/pgdata/etc/medialib/blm/wy/field-offices/rock_springs/Minerals.Par.41776.Image.-1.-1.1.gif
Image Source: http://zebu.uoregon.edu/~soper/Earth/earthstructure2.gif
organic
original horizontality
sedimentary rock that forms where remains of
organisms are deposited in thick layers
principle that states that most sedimentary layers of
rock are deposited in a horizontal position
Image Source: http://www.appaltree.net/aba/images/coal/coal.jpg
Image Source: http://www.library.csi.cuny.edu/dept/as/strat/Image21.gif
outer core
Pangaea
a layer of molten iron and nickel
that surrounds the inner core of Earth
the name of the single land mass that
broke apart 225 million years ago
and gave rise to today's continents
Image Source: http://www.sciencemuseum.org.uk/onlinestuff/snot/~/media/Images/content/snot/
Image Source: http://3dparks.wr.usgs.gov/nyc/images/fig83.jpg
plate boundaries
plate tectonics
place where two tectonics plate meet
the theory that pieces of Earth's
lithosphere are in constant motion, driven
by convection currents in the mantle
Image Source: http://geology1a-1.wikispaces.com/file/view/597340%5B1%5D.jpg/88419803/597340%5B1%5D.jpg
Image Source: http://abyss.uoregon.edu/~js/images/plate_tectonics.gif
precipitation
radiant energy
forms of water such as rain,
snow, sleet, or hail that fall from
clouds and reach Earth's surface
energy from the Sun
Image Source: http://www.windows2universe.org/earth/images/precipitation.gif
Image Source: http://www.household-helper.com/images/radiant_energy.jpg
radiation
relative age
the direct transfer of energy through empty
space by electromagnetic waves
age of a rock compared to the
age of rock layers
Image Source: http://www.teachnet.ie/dkeenahan/images/radiation%20symbol%202.gif
Image Source: http://www.agiweb.org/news/evolution/figures/superposition.gif
renewable resource
revolution
a resource that is naturally replaced
in a relatively short time
the movement of an object
around another object
Image Source: http://newscenter.lbl.gov/wp-content/uploads/201_2658495.JPG
Image Source: http://www.cas.muohio.edu/scienceforohio/Seasons/images/SunErthB.gif
rifting
rock composition
a fault
material of which a rock is made
Image Source: http://www.smu.ca/academic/science/geology/images/rifting.jpg
Image Source: http://harrimanrocks.rutgers.edu/Images/microscope1.gif
rock cycle
rotation
a series of processes on the surface
and inside Earth that slowly changes
rock from one kind to another
the spinning motion of a
planet about its axis
Image Source: http://dnowlan.ca/VM/science7/planetearth/EFCycleP2.gif
Image Source: http://www.physicalgeography.net/fundamentals/images/earth_rotation.jpg
sea breeze
sediment
the flow of air from an ocean
or lake to the land
small, solid particles of material from rocks or
organisms which are moved by water or wind,
resulting in erosion and deposition
Image Source: http://media-2.web.britannica.com/eb-media/74/7574-004-76AF45F8.gif
Image Source: http://www.uprct.nsw.gov.au/all/news/2004/sediment.jpg
sedimentary
shearing
a type of rock that forms when particles from
other rocks or the remains of plants and
animals are pressed and cemented together
stress that pushes a mass of rock
in opposite directions
Image Source: http://www.canadiangeographic.ca/atlas/Images/Glossary/sedimentary_rock.jpeg
Image Source: http://www.dunlapcusd.net/dms/Noonen/tnoonen/images/clip_image002_006.jpg
silica
sod
a material that is formed from the
elements oxygen and silicon
a thick mass of grass roots and soil
Image Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e6/Silica_gel.jpg
Image Source: http://www.ocoee.org/Departments/PU/images/sod.jpg
soil
solar
the loose, weathered material on Earth's
surface in which plants can grow
from the Sun
Image Source: http://www.sustainabilityninja.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/11/potting_soil.jpg
Image Source: http://www.astr.ua.edu/ay102/Lab7/Images/prominence_soho.jpg
solar eclipse
subduction
the blocking of sunlight to Earth that occurs
when the moon is between the sun and Earth
the process by which oceanic crust sinks
beneath a deep-ocean trench and back into the
mantle at a convergent plant boundary
Image Source: http://www.popastro.com/sections/solar/total2006/totaleclipse.jpg
Image Source: http://biologyeducation.net/News%20and%20Articles/images/5_subduction_zones600x376.jpg
subsurface topography
summer solstice
features of the Earth located
under the surface
occurs when Earth's tilt towards
the Sun at 23 degrees
http://visual.merriam-webster.com/images/earth/geology/ocean-floor.jpg
Image Source: http://weather.thefuntimesguide.com/images/blogs/Earth-lighting-summer-solstice.png
temperature
tension
the average amount of energy of motion
in the molecules of a substance
stress that stretches rock so that it
becomes thinner in the middle
Image Source: http://www.dunlapcusd.net/dms/Noonen/tnoonen/images/clip_image002_006.jpg
texture
thermal
the size, shape, and pattern
of a rock's grains
heat
Image Source: http://www.photoshoptextures.com/stone-textures/rocks-close-texture.jpg
Image Source: http://www.wmo.ch/pages/publications/meteoworld07/_archive/en/june2007/images/HEAT_WAVE_072605.jpg
third quarter moon
thunderstorm
sixth stage in the phases of the moon
a brief, heavy storm that consists of rain,
strong wind, lightning, and thunder
Image Source: http://www.air-and-space.com/Moon/20061014%20last%20quarter%20Moon%20l.jpg
Image Source: http://www.allstar.fiu.edu/aero/images/lightning.jpg
tides
tornado
the daily rise and fall of Earth's
waters on shores
a rapidly whirling, funnel-shaped cloud that reaches
down from a storm cloud to touch Earth's surface,
usually leaving a destructive path
Image Source: http://www.bbc.co.uk/norfolk/content/images/2007/11/09/tides_091007_caisteronsea_450_450x300.jpg
transform boundary
uniformitarianism
a plate boundary where two plated move
past each other in opposite directions
same laws and processes that operate in the
universe now, have always operated in
the past, and will operate in the future
Image Source: http://tasaclips.com/illustrations/Transform_Boundary.jpg
Image Source: http://www.ukfossils.co.uk/guides/stratigraphy/Pic%203.JPG
vernal equinox
volcanic activities
the day of the year that marks the beginning
of spring in the Northern Hemisphere
eruption, earthquakes
Image Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/84/Earth-lighting-equinox_EN.png
volcano
waning
a weak spot in the crust where magma
has come to the surface
to shrink
Image Source: http://www.air-and-space.com/Moon/20060812%20waning%20gibbous%20Moon%20l.jpg
water cycle
wave
the continuous process by which water moves
from Earth's surface to the atmosphere
and back, passing through the living
and nonliving parts of the environment
the movement of energy
through a body of water
waxing
weathering
to grow
the chemical and physical processes
that break down rock at Earth's surface
Image Source: http://www.air-and-space.com/Moon/20061003%20waxing%20gibbous%20l.jpg
Image Source: http://edusolution.com/regentsexams/earthscience/june2002/ques26.gif
wind
winter solstice
the horizontal movement of air from an area
of high pressure to an area of lower pressure
occurs when Earth's tilt is farthest
away from the Sun at 23 degrees
Image Source: http://www.edmondsfire.org/images/TreeBlowing.gif
Image Source: http://www.crystalinks.com/wintersolstice2.jpg